Smiths Group plc Annual Results FY2021

Consolidated income statement

		Year ended 31 July 2021				Year ended 31 July 2020 - represented*
	Notes	Headline £m	Non-headline (note 3) £m	Total £m		Headline £m	Non-headline (note 3) £m	Total £m
Continuing operations
Revenue	1	2,406	-	2,406		2,548	-	2,548
Operating costs		(2,034)	(46)	(2,080)		(2,221)	(86)	(2,307)
Operating profit/(loss)	2	372	(46)	326		327	(86)	241
Interest receivable	4	9	-	9		6	-	6
Interest payable	4	(49)	-	(49)		(55)	-	(55)
Other financing gains/(losses)	4	-	(52)	(52)		-	(66)	(66)
Other finance income - retirement benefits	4	-	6	6		-	7	7
Finance costs	4	(40)	(46)	(86)		(49)	(59)	(108)
Continuing operations - profit/(loss) before taxation		332	(92)	240		278	(145)	133
Taxation	6	(96)	13	(83)		(79)	13	(66)
Continuing operations - profit/(loss) for the year		236	(79)	157		199	(132)	67
Discontinued operations
Profit from discontinued operations	28	134	(6)	128		139	61	200
Profit/(LOSS) for the year		370	(85)	285		338	(71)	267
Profit/(loss) for the year attributable to:
Smiths Group shareholders - continuing operations		235	(79)	156		197	(132)	65
Smiths Group shareholders - discontinued operations		134	(6)	128		139	61	200
Non-controlling interests		1	-	1		2	-	2
		370	(85)	285		338	(71)	267
Earnings per share	5
Basic				71.7p				66.9p
Basic - continuing				39.4p				16.4p
Diluted				71.3p				66.4p
Diluted - continuing				39.1p				16.3p

* Results in the comparatives for the period ended 31 July 2020 have been represented to show operating costs on the face of the income statement; see note 2 'Operating costs' for further details.

 

 

 

Consolidated statement
of comprehensive income

	Notes	Year ended 31 July 2021 £m	Year ended 31 July 2020 £m
Profit for the year		285	267
Other comprehensive income:
Re-measurement of retirement benefits assets and obligations	8	13	19
Taxation thereon	6	(6)	(2)
Other comprehensive income and expenditure which will not be reclassified  to the consolidated income statement		7	17
Other comprehensive income which will be reclassified and reclassifications:
Exchange losses		(166)	(205)
Fair value gains and reclassification adjustments:
- on financial asset at fair value through other comprehensive income		4	2
- deferred in the period on cash-flow and net investment hedges		82	73
- reclassified to income statement on cash-flow and net investment hedges		2	(2)
Total other comprehensive income		(71)	(115)
Total comprehensive income		214	152
Attributable to:
Smiths Group shareholders		214	151
Non-controlling interests		-	1
		214	152
Total comprehensive income attributable to Smiths Group shareholders arising from:
Continuing operations		152	59
Discontinued operations		62	92
		214	151

 

 

Consolidated balance sheet

	Notes	31 July 2021 £m	31 July 2020 £m
Non-current assets
Intangible assets	10	1,498	1,564
Property, plant and equipment	12	212	218
Right of use assets	13	108	94
Financial assets - other investments	17	11	19
Retirement benefit assets	8	546	516
Deferred tax assets	6	92	102
Trade and other receivables	15	59	52
Financial derivatives	20	75	82
		2,601	2,647
Current assets
Inventories	14	381	446
Current tax receivable	6	75	46
Trade and other receivables	15	630	627
Cash and cash equivalents	18	405	366
Financial derivatives	20	2	2
Assets held for sale*	28	1,243	1,279
		2,736	2,766
TOTAL ASSETS		5,337	5,413
Current liabilities
Financial liabilities:
- borrowings	18	(9)	(10)
- lease liabilities	18	(27)	(31)
- financial derivatives	20	(3)	(4)
Provisions	23	(46)	(55)
Trade and other payables	16	(530)	(527)
Current tax payable	6	(89)	(79)
Liabilities held for sale*	28	(283)	(295)
		(987)	(1,001)
Non-current liabilities
Financial liabilities:
- borrowings	18	(1,372)	(1,455)
- lease liabilities	18	(94)	(65)
Provisions	23	(241)	(276)
Retirement benefit obligations	8	(128)	(139)
Corporation tax payable	6	(5)	(5)
Deferred tax liabilities	6	(28)	(27)
Trade and other payables	16	(59)	(51)
		(1,927)	(2,018)
TOTAL LIABILITIES		(2,914)	(3,019)
NET ASSETS		2,423	2,394
Shareholders' equity
Share capital	24	149	149
Share premium account		363	361
Capital redemption reserve	26	6	6
Revaluation reserve	26	1	1
Merger reserve	26	235	235
Cumulative translation adjustments		509	674
Retained earnings		1,367	1,259
Hedge reserve	26	(228)	(312)
Total shareholders' equity		2,402	2,373
Non-controlling interest equity	26	21	21
TOTAL EQUITY		2,423	2,394

*  Assets and liabilities held for sale were previously classified as held for distribution to owners, see note 28 for further details.

Consolidated statement of changes in equity

	Notes		Share capital  and share premium £m	Other  reserves £m	Cumulative translation adjustments £m	Retained earnings £m	Hedge reserve £m	Equity shareholders' funds £m	Non-controlling interest £m	Total equity £m
At 31 July 2020			510	242	674	1,259	(312)	2,373	21	2,394
Profit for the year			-	-	-	284	-	284	1	285
Other comprehensive income:
- re-measurement of retirement benefits      after tax			-	-	-	7	-	7	-	7
- exchange losses net of recycling			-	-	(165)	-	-	(165)	(1)	(166)
- fair value gains and related tax			-	-	-	4	84	88	-	88
Total comprehensive income for the year			-	-	(165)	295	84	214	-	214
Transactions relating to ownership interests:
Exercises of share options		24	2	-	-	-	-	2	-	2
Receipt of capital from non-controlling interest			-	-	-	-	-	-	1	1
Purchase of own shares		26	-	-	-	(16)	-	(16)	-	(16)
Dividends:
- equity shareholders		25	-	-	-	(185)	-	(185)	-	(185)
- non-controlling interest			-	-	-	-	-	-	(1)	(1)
Share-based payment		9	-	-	-	14	-	14	-	14
At 31 July 2021			512	242	509	1,367	(228)	2,402	21	2,423

 

	Notes		Share capital  and share premium £m	Other  reserves £m	Cumulative translation adjustments £m	Retained earnings £m	Hedge reserve £m	Equity shareholders' funds £m	Non-controlling interest £m	Total equity £m
At 31 July 2019			508	242	878	1,115	(383)	2,360	21	2,381
Impact of adopting IFRS 16			-	-	-	(1)	-	(1)	-	(1)
Impact of adopting IFRIC 23			-	-	-	(4)	-	(4)	-	(4)
Profit for the year			-	-	-	265	-	265	2	267
Other comprehensive income:
- re-measurement of retirement benefits      after tax			-	-	-	17	-	17	-	17
- exchange losses net of recycling			-	-	(204)			(204)	(1)	(205)
- fair value gains and related tax			-	-	-	2	71	73	-	73
Total comprehensive income for the year			-	-	(204)	284	71	151	1	152
Transactions relating to ownership interests:
Exercises of share options		24	2	-	-	-	-	2	-	2
Purchase of own shares		26	-	-	-	(18)	-	(18)	-	(18)
Dividends:
- equity shareholders		25	-	-	-	(126)	-	(126)	-	(126)
- non-controlling interest			-	-	-	-	-	-	(1)	(1)
Share-based payment		9	-	-	-	9	-	9	-	9
At 31 July 2020			510	242	674	1,259	(312)	2,373	21	2,394

 

 

Consolidated cash-flow statement

	Notes	Year ended 31 July 2021 £m	Year ended 31 July 2020 £m
Net cash inflow from operating activities	29	535	429
Cash-flows from investing activities
Expenditure on capitalised development		(27)	(35)
Expenditure on other intangible assets		(12)	(14)
Purchases of property, plant and equipment		(78)	(61)
Disposals of property, plant and equipment		2	1
Capital returned by other investments		7	-
Acquisition of businesses	27	(83)	(24)
Acquisition of businesses - discontinued operations		-	(12)
Investment in financial asset - discontinued operations		(14)	-
Disposal of businesses - discontinued operations		-	1
Net cash-flow used in investing activities		(205)	(144)
Cash-flows from financing activities
Proceeds from exercise of share options	24	2	2
Purchase of own shares	26	(16)	(18)
Dividends paid to equity shareholders	25	(185)	(126)
Payment of lease liabilities		(44)	(47)
Cash inflow from matured derivative financial instruments		4	1
Net cash-flow used in financing activities		(239)	(188)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents		91	97
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year		366	289
Movement in net cash held in disposal group		(28)	6
Foreign exchange rate movements		(24)	(26)
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year	18	405	366
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year comprise:
- cash at bank and in hand		219	173
- short-term deposits		186	193
		405	366

 

 

Accounting policies

Basis of preparation

The financial information set out above does not constitute the Company's statutory accounts for the financial years ended 31 July 2021 or 2020, but are derived from those accounts. Statutory accounts for 2020 have been delivered to the Registrar of Companies and those for 2021 will be delivered following the Company's Annual General Meeting.  Those accounts have been reported on by the company's auditor; the report of the auditor was (i) unqualified, (ii) did not include a reference to any matters to which the auditor drew attention by way of emphasis without qualifying their report, and (iii) did not contain a statement under section 498 (2) or (3) of the Companies Act 2006.

These accounts have been prepared in accordance with International Accounting Standards in conformity with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention modified to include revaluation of certain financial instruments, share options and pension assets and liabilities, held at fair value as described below.

Going concern

The Directors are satisfied that the Group has adequate resources to continue to operate for a period not less than 12 months from the date of approval of the financial statements and that there are no material uncertainties around their assessment. Accordingly, the Directors continue to adopt the going concern basis of accounting.

In concluding that the going concern basis is appropriate, the Directors have modelled the impact of a severe but plausible downside scenario based on another significant global wave of COVID-19 in the winter of FY2022, whereby the Group experiences:

(i) Demand decline:

a significant revenue decline in FY2022 due to a series of full country lockdowns, resulting in a 17% year-on-year fall in revenue for FY2022. The revenue decline and assumed customer defaults result in a -74%  year-on-year reduction in headline operating profit. The assumed revenue decline is driven by a drop in demand in John Crane and Detection due to customer circumstances, weak demand in Flex-Tek and a reduction in Interconnect revenues due to a market slowdown and supply disruptions; and

a further period of continued dampened demand for 12 months with a slow recovery beginning towards the end of FY2022 and into the first half of FY2023.

(ii) Supply chain disruption and deterioration in working capital:

supply chain disruptions with plant closures across most sites for a full two months (November and December 2021);

with ongoing supply chain disruption due to both ability of suppliers to continue to service and availability of freight forwarding to ship supplies; and

a deterioration in working capital from an inventory build up during the shutdown period, delays in customer receipts and an increase in customer defaults.

This scenario assumes no mitigating actions and no further restructuring. The downside case is deemed to be very cautious, given that trading has been resilient throughout the pandemic. The Group has also demonstrated the ability to continue operations with government approvals during the pandemic; in the few instances where they did occur, plant closures were short-lived (days not weeks).

Throughout this severe but plausible downside scenario, the Group continues to have significant liquidity headroom on existing facilities and against the RCF financial covenant.

Other factors considered by the Board as part of their going concern assessment included the inherent uncertainties in cash flow forecasts. Based on the above, the Directors have concluded that the Group is well placed to manage its financing and other business risks satisfactorily, and they have a reasonable expectation that the Group will have adequate resources to continue in operation for at least 12 months from the signing date of these financial statements. They therefore consider it appropriate to adopt the going concern basis of accounting in preparing the financial statements.

Key estimates and significant judgements

The preparation of the accounts in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and judgements that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the accounts and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

The key sources of estimation uncertainty together with the significant judgements and assumptions used for these consolidated financial statements are set out below.

Sources of estimation uncertainty

Impairment reviews of intangible assets

In carrying out impairment reviews of intangible assets, a number of significant assumptions have to be made when preparing cash-flow projections to determine the value in use of the asset or cash generating unit (CGU). These include the future rate of market growth, discount rates, the market demand for the products acquired, the future profitability of acquired businesses or products, levels of reimbursement, and success in obtaining regulatory approvals. If actual results differ or changes in expectations arise, impairment charges may be required which would adversely impact operating results.

Critical estimates, and the effect of variances in these estimates, are disclosed in note 11 and note 28.

Retirement benefits

Determining the value of the future defined benefit obligation involves significant estimates in respect of the assumptions used to calculate present values. These include future mortality, discount rate and inflation. The Group uses previous experience and independent actuarial advice to select the values for critical estimates. A portion of UK pension liabilities are insured via bulk annuity policies which broadly match the scheme obligation to identified groups of pensioners. These assets are valued by an external qualified actuary at the actuarial valuation of the corresponding liability, reflecting this matching relationship.

The Group's principal defined benefit pension plans are in the UK and the US and these have been closed so that no future benefits are accrued. Critical estimates for these plans, and the effect of variances in these estimates, are disclosed in note 8.

Provisions for liabilities and charges

John Crane, Inc. (JCI), a subsidiary of the Group, is one of many co-defendants in litigation relating to products previously manufactured which contained asbestos. Provision of £212m (FY2020: £231m) has been made for the future defence costs which the Group is expected to incur and the expected costs of future adverse judgments against JCI. Whilst well-established incidence curves can be used to estimate the likely future pattern of asbestos-related disease, JCI's claims experience is significantly impacted by other factors which influence the US litigation environment. These can include: changing approaches on the part of the plaintiffs' bar; changing attitudes amongst the judiciary at both trial and appellate levels; and legislative and procedural changes in both the state and federal court systems. Because of the significant uncertainty associated with the future level of asbestos claims and of the costs arising out of the related litigation, there can be no guarantee that the assumptions used to estimate the provision will result in an accurate prediction of the actual costs that will be incurred.

In quantifying the expected costs JCI takes account of the advice of an expert in asbestos liability estimation. The following estimates were made in preparing the provision calculation:

the period over which the expenditure can be reliably estimated is judged to be ten years, based on past experience regarding significant changes in the litigation environment that have occurred every few years and on the amount of time taken in the past for some of those changes to impact the broader asbestos litigation environment. See note 23 for a sensitivity showing the impact on the provision of reducing or increasing this time horizon;

the future trend of legal costs, the rate of future claims filed, the rate of successful resolution of claims, and the average amount of judgments awarded have been projected based on the past history of JCI claims and well-established tables of asbestos incidence projections, since this is the best available evidence. Claims history from other defendants is not used to calculate the provision because JCI's defence strategy generates a significantly different pattern of legal costs and settlement expenses. See note 23 for a sensitivity showing the range of expected future spend.

Titeflex Corporation, a subsidiary of the Group in the Flex-Tek division, has received a number of claims from insurance companies seeking recompense on a subrogated basis for the effects of damage allegedly caused by lightning strikes in relation to its flexible gas piping product. It has also received a number of product liability claims regarding this product, some in the form of purported class actions. Titeflex Corporation believes that its products are a safe and effective means of delivering gas when installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and local and national codes; however some claims have been settled on an individual basis without admission of liability. Provision of £47m (FY2020: £66m) has been made for the costs which the Group is expected to incur in respect of these claims. In preparing the provision calculation, key estimates have been made about the impact of safe installation initiatives on the level of future claims. See note 23 for a sensitivity showing the impact on the provision of reducing or increasing the expected impact. However, because of the significant uncertainty associated with the future level of claims, there can be no guarantee that the assumptions used to estimate the provision will result in an accurate prediction of the actual costs that may be incurred.

All provisions may be subject to potentially material revisions from time to time if new information becomes available as a result of future events.

Taxation

The Group has recognised deferred tax assets of £144m (FY2020: £128m) relating to losses and £65m (FY2020: £75m) relating to the John Crane, Inc. and Titeflex Corporation litigation provisions. The recognition of assets pertaining to these items requires management to make significant estimates as to the likelihood of realisation of these deferred tax assets and the phasing and attribution of future taxable profits. This is based on a number of factors, which management use to assess the expectation that the benefit of these assets will be realised, including expected future levels of operating profit, expenditure on litigation, pension contributions and the timing of the unwind of other tax positions.

Revenue recognition

Revenue is recognised as the performance obligations to deliver products or services are satisfied and revenue is recorded based on the amount of consideration expected to be received in exchange for satisfying the performance obligations.

Smiths Detection and Smiths Interconnect have multi-year contractual arrangements for the sale of goods and services. Where these contracts have separately identifiable components with distinct patterns of delivery and customer acceptance, revenue is accounted for separately for each identifiable component.

The Group enters into certain contracts for agreed fees that are performed across more than one accounting period and revenue is recognised over time. Estimates are required at the balance sheet date when determining the stage of completion of the contract activity. This assessment requires the expected total costs of the contract and the remaining costs to complete the contract to be estimated.

At 31 July 2021, the Group held contracts with a total value of £166m (2020: £153m), of which £99m (2020: £101m) had been delivered and £67m (2020: £52m) remains fully or partially unsatisfied. £43m of the unsatisfied amount is expected to be recognised in the coming year, with the remainder being recognised within 3 years. A 5% increase in the remaining cost to complete the contracts would have reduced Group operating profit in the current year by less than £2m (2020: less than £2m).

Significant judgements made in applying accounting policies

Business combinations

On the acquisition of a business, the Group has to make judgements on the identification of specific intangible assets which are recognised separately from goodwill and then amortised over their estimated useful lives. These include items such as brand names and customer lists, to which value is first attributed at the time of acquisition. The capitalisation of these assets and the related amortisation charges are based on judgments about the value and economic life of such items.

Where acquisitions are significant, appropriate advice is sought from professional advisers before making such allocations.

Where the Group has a contractual option to acquire a business in the future, management have applied judgement in determining whether it has substantive voting rights in the business and whether the business should be accounted for as a subsidiary or associate.  In applying these judgements, management have reviewed whether the option and any related legal / commercial agreements provide the Group with power or significant influence over the business and have assessed whether there are any barriers that prevent the Group from exercising these rights.

Retirement benefits

At 31 July 2021 the Group has recognised a retirement benefit asset of £546m (FY2020: £516m), principally relating to UK schemes, which arises from the rights of the employers to recover the surplus at the end of the life of the scheme.

The recognition of this surplus is a significant judgement. There is judgement required in determining whether an unconditional right of refund exists based on the provisions of the relevant trust deed and rules. Having taken legal advice with regards to the rights of the Group under the relevant Trust deed and rules, it has been determined that the surplus is recoverable by the Group and therefore can be recognised. In particular, in the ordinary course of business, the Trustees of the UK schemes do not have a unilateral power to terminate and wind-up the schemes or augment benefits. If the pension schemes were wound up while they still had members, the schemes would need to buy out the benefits of all members. The buyouts would cost significantly more than the carrying value of the scheme liabilities within these financial statements which are calculated in accordance with IAS 19: Employee benefits.

Capitalisation of development costs

Expenditure incurred in the development of major new products is capitalised as internally generated intangible assets only when it has been judged that strict criteria are met, specifically in relation to the products' technical feasibility and commercial viability (the ability to generate probable future economic benefits).

The assessment of technical feasibility and future commercial viability of development projects requires significant judgement and the use of assumptions. Key judgements made in the assessment of future commercial viability include:

Scope of work to achieve regulatory clearance (where required) - including the level of testing evidence and documentation;

Competitor activity - including the impact of potential competitor product launches on the market place and customer demand; and

Launch timeline - including time and resource required to establish and support the commercial launch of a new product.

Taxation

As stated in the previous section 'Sources of estimation uncertainty', the Group has recognised deferred tax assets of £144m (FY2020: £128m) relating to losses and £65m (FY2020: £75m) relating to the John Crane, Inc. and Titeflex Corporation litigation provisions. The decision to recognise deferred tax assets requires judgement in determining whether the Group will be able to utilise historical tax losses in future periods. It has been concluded that there are sufficient taxable profits in future periods to support recognition.

The Group has also applied judgement in the decisions made to recognise provisions against uncertain tax positions; please see note 6 for further details.

Presentation of the Smiths Medical demerger/sale

Previously in the Group's FY2019 and FY2020 Annual Reports, the Smiths Medical business was classified as discontinued and held for distribution to owners, as the Group was committed to pursue a demerger of Smiths Medical, whilst in parallel continuing to evaluate all opportunities for value maximisation.

Following the Board decision in July 2021 to sell Smiths Medical rather than continue with a demerger, judgement is required to determine the most appropriate financial reporting presentation of the division and its performance.

In FY2021 the results of Smiths Medical have been presented as profit from discontinued operations and the Smiths Medical assets and liabilities reported as assets and liabilities held for sale.  The key judgement for this classification is that the following conditions were met at the balance sheet date:

Management is committed to the plan to sell the business and an active programme to locate a buyer and complete the plan must have been initiated;

The disposal group must be actively marketed for sale at a price that is reasonable in relation to its current fair value;

Shareholder and regulatory approval is highly probable and the plan is unlikely to be significantly changed or withdrawn; and

Sale is expected to be completed within 12 months from the date of classification.

On 8 September 2021, the Group announced the sale of Smiths Medical to ICU Medical, Inc. ("ICU Medical"); see note 31 for further details. The sale is conditional upon the approval of Smiths shareholders and the receipt of customary regulatory approvals.

The IFRS 5 requirement above for the expected completion of the transaction within 12 months of the date of classification was not achieved in FY2021. ICU Medical has provided Smiths with strong contractual commitments to secure the customary regulatory approvals by 8 March 2022 (the "Long Stop Date"). However, it is recognised that in certain limited circumstances, the Long Stop Date may be extended to 8 March 2023.

Smiths management have determined that the realistic expectation is that it will take six to nine months to complete the customary regulatory approvals for the sale to ICU Medical. Therefore management believe that the criteria for classification of Smiths Medical as discontinued and held for sale continue to be met.

Presentation of headline profits and underlying growth

In order to provide users of the accounts with a clear and consistent presentation of the performance of the Group's ongoing trading activity, the income statement is presented in a three column format with 'headline' profits shown separately from non-headline items. In addition, the Group reports underlying growth rates for sales and profit measures.

See note 1 for disclosures of headline operating profit and note 30 for more information about the alternative performance measures ('APMs') used by the Group.

Judgement is required in determining which items should be included as non-headline. The amortisation/impairment of acquired intangibles, legacy liabilities, material one-off items and certain re-measurements are included in a separate column of the income statement. See note 3 for a breakdown of the items excluded from headline profit.

Calculating underlying growth also requires judgement. Underlying growth excludes the effects of: foreign exchange; acquisitions and disposals; restructuring charges; impairment of capitalised development costs; and COVID related balance sheet write-downs in the prior year.

Significant accounting policies

Basis of consolidation

The Group's consolidated accounts include the financial statements of Smiths Group plc (the 'Company'), all entities controlled by the Company (its subsidiaries) and the Group's share of the results of its associates.

The Company controls an entity when it (i) has power over the entity; (ii) is exposed or has rights to variable returns from its involvement with the entity; and (iii) has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the entity. The Group reassesses whether or not it controls a subsidiary if facts and circumstances indicate that there are changes to one or more of these three elements of control. Subsidiaries are fully consolidated from the date on which control is obtained by the Company to the date that control ceases.

Where the Group loses control of a subsidiary, the assets and liabilities are derecognised along with any related non-controlling interest and other components of equity. Any resulting gain or loss is recognised in the income statement. Any interest retained in the former subsidiary is measured at fair value when control is lost.

The non-controlling interests in the Group balance sheet represent the share of net assets of subsidiary undertakings held outside the Group. The movement in the year comprises the profit attributable to such interests together with any dividends paid, movements in respect of corporate transactions and related exchange differences.

Interests in associates are accounted for using the equity method. They are initially recognised at cost, which includes transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition, the Group financial statements include the Group's share of the profit or loss and other comprehensive income of equity-accounted investees, until the date on which significant influence ceases.

All intercompany transactions, balances, and gains and losses on transactions between Group companies are eliminated on consolidation.

Foreign currencies

The Company's presentational currency and functional currency is sterling. The financial position of all subsidiaries and associates that have a functional currency different from sterling are translated into sterling at the rate of exchange at the date of that balance sheet, and the income and expenses are translated at average exchange rates for the period. All resulting foreign exchange rate movements are recognised as a separate component of equity.

On consolidation, foreign exchange rate movements arising from the translation of the net investment in foreign entities, and of borrowings and other currency instruments designated as hedges of such investments, are taken to shareholders' equity. When a foreign operation is sold, the cumulative amount of such foreign exchange rate movements is recognised in the income statement as part of the gain or loss on sale.

Foreign exchange rate movements arising on transactions are recognised in the income statement. Those arising on trading are taken to operating profit; those arising on borrowings are classified as finance income or cost.

Revenue

Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received, net of trade discounts (including distributor rebates) and sales taxes. Revenue is discounted only where the impact of discounting is material.

When the Group enters into complex contracts with multiple, separately identifiable components, the terms of the contract are reviewed to determine whether or not the elements of the contract should be accounted for separately. If a contract is being split into multiple components, the contract revenue is allocated to the different components at the start of the contract. The basis of allocation depends on the substance of the contract. The Group considers relative stand-alone selling prices, contractual prices and relative cost when allocating revenue.

The Group has identified the following different types of revenue:

(i) Sale of goods recognised at a point in time - generic products manufactured by Smiths

Generic products are defined as either:

Products that are not specific to any particular customer;

Products that may initially be specific to a customer but can be reconfigured at minimal cost, i.e. retaining a margin, for sale to an alternative customer; or

Products that are specific to a customer but are manufactured at Smiths' risk, i.e. we have no right to payment of costs plus margin if the customer refuses to take control of the goods.

For established products with simple installation requirements, revenue is recognised when control of the product is passed to the customer. The point in time that control passes is defined in accordance with the agreed shipping terms and is determined on a case by case basis. The time of despatch or delivery of the goods to the customer is normally the point at which invoicing occurs. However for some generic products, revenue is recognised when the overall performance obligation has been completed, which is often after the customer has completed its acceptance procedures and has assumed control.

Products that are sold under multiple element arrangements, i.e. contracts involving a combination of products and services, are bundled into a single performance obligation unless the customer can benefit from the goods or services either on their own, or together with other resources that are readily available to the customer and are distinct within the context of the contract.

For contracts that pass control of the product to the customer only on completion of installation services, revenue is recognised upon completion of the installation.

An obligation to replace or repair faulty products under the standard warranty terms is recognised as a provision. If the contract includes terms that either extend the warranty beyond the standard term or imply that maintenance is provided to keep the product working, these are service warranties and revenue is deferred to cover the performance obligation in an amount equivalent to the stand-alone selling price of that service.

(ii) Sale of goods recognised over time - customer-specific products where the contractual terms include rights to payment for work performed to date

Customer-specific products are defined as being:

Products that cannot be reconfigured economically such that it remains profitable to sell to another customer;

Products that cannot be sold to another customer due to contractual restrictions; and

Products that allow Smiths to charge for the work performed to date in an amount that represents the costs incurred to date plus a margin, should the customer refuse to take control of the goods.

For contracts that meet the terms listed above, revenue is recognised over the period that the Group is engaged in the manufacture of the product, calculated using the input method based on the amount of costs incurred to date compared to the overall costs of the contract. The time of despatch or delivery of the goods to the customer is normally the point at which invoicing occurs.

An obligation to provide a refund for faulty products under the standard warranty terms is recognised as a provision. If the contract includes terms that either extend the warranty beyond the standard term or imply that maintenance is provided to keep the product working, these are service warranties and revenue is deferred to cover the performance obligation in an amount equivalent to the stand-alone selling price of that service.

(iii) Services recognised over time - services relating to the installation, repair and ongoing maintenance of equipment

Services include installation, commissioning, testing, training, software hosting & maintenance, product repairs and contracts undertaking extended warranty services.

For complex installations where the supply of services cannot be separated from the supply of product, revenue is recognised upon acceptance of the combined performance obligation (see Sale of goods (i) above).

For services that can be accounted for as a separate performance obligation, revenue is recognised over time, assessed on the basis of the actual service provided as a proportion of the total services to be provided.

Depending on the nature of the contract, revenue is recognised as follows:

Installation, commissioning and testing services (when neither linked to the supply of product nor subject to acceptance) are recognised rateably as the services are provided;

Training services are recognised on completion of the training course;

Software hosting & maintenance services are recognised rateably over the life of the contract;

Product repair services, where the product is returned to Smiths premises for remedial action, are recognised when the product is returned to the customer and they regain control of the asset;

On-site ad hoc product repair services are recognised rateably as the services are performed;

Long-term product repair and maintenance contracts are recognised rateably over the contract term; and

Extended service warranties are recognised rateably over the contract term.

Invoicing for services depends on the nature of the service provided with some services charged in advance and others in arrears.

Where contracts are accounted for under the revenue recognised over time basis, the proportion of costs incurred is used to determine the percentage of contract completion.

Contracts for the construction of substantial assets, which normally last in excess of one year, are accounted for under the revenue recognised over time basis, using an input method.

For fixed-price contracts, revenue is recognised based upon an assessment of the amount of cost incurred under the contract, compared to the total expected costs that will be incurred under the contract. This calculation is applied cumulatively with any over/under recognition being adjusted in the current period.

For cost-plus contracts, revenue is recognised based upon costs incurred to date plus any agreed margin.

For both fixed-price and cost-plus contracts, invoicing is normally based on a schedule with milestone payments.

Contract costs

The Group has taken the practical expedient of not capitalising contract costs as they are expected to be expensed within one year from the date of signing.

Leases

The Group recognises right of use assets at the commencement date of the lease. Right of use assets are measured at cost including the amount of lease liabilities recognised and initial direct costs incurred, less any incentives granted by the lessor. Right of use assets are depreciated over the shorter of the lease term and the useful life of the right of use assets, unless there is a transfer of ownership or purchase option which is reasonably certain to be exercised at the end of the lease term, in which case depreciation is charged over the useful life of the underlying asset. Right of use assets are subject to impairment.

Leases of buildings typically have lease terms between 1 and 6 years, while plant and machinery generally have lease terms between 1 and 3 years. The Group also has certain leases of machinery with lease terms of 12 months or less and leases of office equipment with low value (typically below £5,000). The Group applies the 'short-term lease' and 'lease of low-value assets' recognition exemptions for these leases and recognises the lease payments associated with these leases as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Taxation

The charge for taxation is based on profits for the year and takes into account taxation deferred because of temporary differences between the treatment of certain items for taxation and accounting purposes.

Current income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to taxation authorities. Tax benefits are not recognised unless it is likely that the tax positions are sustainable. Tax positions taken are then reviewed to assess whether a provision should be made based on prevailing circumstances. Tax provisions are included in current tax liabilities. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date in the countries where the Group operates and generates taxable income.

The Group operates and is subject to taxation in many countries. Tax legislation is different in each country, is often complex and is subject to interpretation by management and government authorities. These matters of judgement give rise to the need to create provisions for uncertain tax positions which are recognised when it is considered more likely than not that there will be a future outflow of funds to a taxing authority. Provisions are made against individual exposures and take into account the specific circumstances of each case, including the strength of technical arguments, recent case law decisions or rulings on similar issues and relevant external advice.

The amounts are measured using one of the following methods, depending on which of the methods the Directors expect will better reflect the amount the Group will pay to the tax authority:

The single best estimate method is used where there is a single outcome that is more likely than not to occur. This will happen, for example, where the tax outcome is binary or the range of possible outcomes is very limited;

Alternatively, a probability weighted expected value is used where, on the balance of probabilities, there will be a payment to the tax authority but there are a number of possible outcomes. In this case, a probability is assigned to each of the outcomes and the amount provided is the sum of these risk-weighted amounts. In assessing provisions against uncertain tax positions, management uses in-house tax experts, professional firms and previous experience of the taxing authority to evaluate the risk.

Deferred tax is provided in full using the balance sheet liability method. A deferred tax asset is recognised where it is probable that future taxable income will be sufficient to utilise the available relief. Tax is charged or credited to the income statement except when it relates to items charged or credited directly to equity, in which case the tax is also dealt with in equity.

Deferred tax is provided on temporary differences arising on investments in subsidiaries and associates, except where the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences is controlled by the Company and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future.

Deferred tax liabilities and assets are not discounted.

Employee benefits

Share-based compensation

The fair value of the shares or share options granted is recognised as an expense over the vesting period to reflect the value of the employee services received. The fair value of options granted, excluding the impact of any non-market vesting conditions, is calculated using established option pricing models, principally binomial models. The probability of meeting non-market vesting conditions, which include profitability targets, is used to estimate the number of share options which are likely to vest.

For cash-settled share-based payment, a liability is recognised based on the fair value of the payment earned by the balance sheet date. For equity-settled share-based payment, the corresponding credit is recognised directly in reserves.

Pension obligations and post-retirement benefits

Pensions and similar benefits (principally healthcare) are accounted for under IAS 19.  The retirement benefit obligation in respect of the defined benefit plans is the liability (the present value of all expected future obligations) less the fair value of the plan assets. 

The income statement expense is allocated between current service costs, reflecting the increase in liability due to any benefit accrued by employees in the current period, any past service costs/credits and settlement losses or gains which are recognised immediately, and the scheme administration costs.

Actuarial gains and losses are recognised in the statement of comprehensive income in the year in which they arise.  These comprise the impact on the liabilities of changes in demographic and financial assumptions compared with the start of the year, actual experience being different to assumptions and the return on plan assets being above or below the amount included in the net pension interest cost.

Payments to defined contribution schemes are charged as an income statement expense as they fall due.

Intangible assets

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of an acquisition over the fair value of the Group's share of the identifiable net assets of the acquired subsidiary at the date of acquisition.

The goodwill arising from acquisitions of subsidiaries after 1 August 1998 is included in intangible assets, tested annually for impairment and carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses. Gains and losses on the disposal of an entity include the carrying amount of goodwill relating to the entity sold. The goodwill arising from acquisitions of subsidiaries before 1 August 1998 was set against reserves in the year of acquisition.

Goodwill is tested for impairment at least annually. Any impairment is recognised immediately in the income statement. Subsequent reversals of impairment losses for goodwill are not recognised.

Research and development

Expenditure on research and development is charged to the income statement in the year in which it is incurred with the exception of:

Amounts recoverable from third parties; and

Expenditure incurred in respect of the development of major new products where the outcome of those projects is assessed as being reasonably certain as regards viability and technical feasibility. Such expenditure is capitalised and amortised over the estimated period of sale for each product, commencing in the year that the product is ready for sale. Amortisation is charged straight line or based on the units produced, depending on the nature of the product and the availability of reliable estimates of production volumes.

The cost of development projects which are expected to take a substantial period of time to complete includes attributable borrowing costs.

Intangible assets acquired in business combinations

The identifiable net assets acquired as a result of a business combination may include intangible assets other than goodwill. Any such intangible assets are amortised straight line over their expected useful lives as follows:

Patents, licences and trademarks	up to 20 years
Technology	up to 13 years
Customer relationships	up to 11 years

The assets' useful lives are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at each balance sheet date.

Software, patents and intellectual property

The estimated useful lives are as follows:

Software	up to 7 years
Patents and intellectual property	shorter of the economic life and the period the right is legally enforceable

The assets' useful lives are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at each balance sheet date.

Property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment are stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation and any recognised impairment losses.

Land is not depreciated. Depreciation is provided on other assets estimated to write off the depreciable amount of relevant assets by equal annual instalments over their estimated useful lives. In general, the rates used are:

Freehold and long leasehold buildings	2% per annum
Short leasehold property	over the period of the lease
Plant, machinery, etc.	10% to 20% per annum
Fixtures, fittings, tools and other equipment	10% to 33% per annum

The cost of any assets which are expected to take a substantial period of time to complete includes attributable borrowing costs.

The assets' residual values and useful lives are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at each balance sheet date. An asset's carrying amount is written down immediately to its recoverable amount if the asset's carrying amount is greater than its estimated recoverable amount.

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost is determined using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method. The cost of finished goods and work in progress comprises raw materials, direct labour, other direct costs and related production overheads (based on normal operating capacity). The cost of items of inventory which take a substantial period of time to complete includes attributable borrowing costs.

The net realisable value of inventories is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less applicable variable selling expenses. Provisions are made for any slow-moving, obsolete or defective inventories.

Trade and other receivables

Trade receivables and contract assets are initially recognised at fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost, less any appropriate provision for expected credit losses.

A provision for expected credit losses is established when there is objective evidence that it will not be possible to collect all amounts due according to the original payment terms. Expected credit losses are determined using historical write-offs as a basis, with a default risk multiplier applied to reflect country risk premium. The Group applies the IFRS 9 simplified lifetime expected credit loss approach for trade receivables and contract assets which do not contain a significant financing component.

Provisions

Provisions are recognised when the Group has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation, and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. Where the Group expects some or all of a provision to be reimbursed, for example under an insurance contract, the reimbursement is recognised as a separate asset but only when the reimbursement is virtually certain.

Provisions for warranties and product liability, disposal indemnities, restructuring costs, property dilapidations and legal claims are recognised when: the Company has a legal or constructive obligation as a result of a past event; it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation; and the amount has been reliably estimated. Provisions are not recognised for future operating losses.

Provisions are discounted where the time value of money is material.

Where there is a number of similar obligations, for example where a warranty has been given, the likelihood that an outflow will be required in settlement is determined by considering the class of obligations as a whole. A provision is recognised even if the likelihood of an outflow with respect to any one item included in the same class of obligations may be small.

Businesses held for sale

Businesses classified as held for sale are measured at the lower of carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell. Impairment losses on initial classification as held for sale and gains or losses on subsequent remeasurements are included in the income statement. No depreciation is charged on assets and businesses classified as held for sale.

Businesses are classified as held for sale if their carrying amount will be settled principally through a sale rather than through continuing use and the following criteria are met:

The business must be a separate major line of business, available for immediate sale in its present condition;

Management is committed to the plan to sell the business and an active programme to locate a buyer and complete the plan must have been initiated;

The disposal group must be actively marketed for sale at a price that is reasonable in relation to its current fair value;

Shareholder and regulatory approval is highly probable and the plan is unlikely to be significantly changed or withdrawn; and

Sale is expected to be completed within 12 months of the balance sheet date.

The assets and liabilities of businesses held for sale are presented as separate lines on the balance sheet.

Discontinued operations

A discontinued operation is either:

A component of the Group's business that represents a separate major line of business or geographical area of operations that has been disposed of, has been abandoned or meets the criteria to be classified as held for sale; or

A business acquired solely for the purpose of selling it.

Discontinued operations are presented on the income statement as a separate line and are shown net of tax.

In accordance with IAS 21, gains and losses on intragroup monetary assets and liabilities are not eliminated. Therefore foreign exchange rate movements on intercompany loans with discontinued operations are presented on the income statement as non-headline finance cost items.

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash at bank and in hand and highly liquid interest-bearing securities with maturities of three months or less.

In the cash-flow statement, cash and cash equivalents are shown net of bank overdrafts, which are included as current borrowings in liabilities on the balance sheet.

Financial assets

The classification of financial assets depends on the purpose for which the assets were acquired. Management determines the classification of an asset at initial recognition and re-evaluates the designation at each reporting date. Financial assets are classified as: measured at amortised cost, fair value though other comprehensive income or fair value through profit and loss.

Financial assets primarily include trade receivables, cash and cash equivalents (comprising cash at bank, money market funds and short term deposits), short term investments, derivatives (foreign exchange contracts and interest rate derivatives) and unlisted investments.

Trade receivables are classified either as 'held to collect' and measured at amortised cost or as 'held to collect and sell' and measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI). The Group may sell trade receivables due from certain customers before the due date. Any trade receivables from such customers that are not sold at the reporting date are classified as 'held to collect and sell'.

Cash and cash equivalents (consisting of balances with banks and other financial institutions, money-market funds, and short-term deposits) and short-term investments are subject to low market risk. Cash balances and short-term investments are measured at amortised cost. Money market funds and short-term deposits are measured at fair value through profit and loss (FVPL).

Derivatives are measured at FVPL.

Unlisted investments are measured at FVOCI.

Financial assets are derecognised when the right to receive cash-flows from the assets has expired, or has been transferred, and the Group has transferred substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership. When securities classified as available for sale are sold or impaired, the accumulated fair value adjustments previously taken to reserves are included in the income statement.

Financial assets are classified as current if they are expected to be realised within 12 months of the balance sheet date.

Financial liabilities

Borrowings are initially recognised at the fair value of the proceeds, net of related transaction costs. These transaction costs, and any discount or premium on issue, are subsequently amortised under the effective interest rate method through the income statement as interest over the life of the loan and added to the liability disclosed in the balance sheet. Related accrued interest is included in the borrowings figure.

Borrowings are classified as current liabilities unless the Group has an unconditional right to defer settlement of the liability for at least one year after the balance sheet date.

Derivative financial instruments and hedging activities


The Group uses derivative financial instruments to hedge its exposures to foreign exchange and interest rates arising from its operating and financing activities.

Derivative financial instruments are initially recognised at fair value on the date a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at their fair value. The method of recognising any resulting gain or loss depends on whether the derivative financial instrument is designated as a hedging instrument and, if so, the nature of the item being hedged.

Where derivative financial instruments are designated into hedging relationships, the Group formally documents the following:

the risk management objective and strategy for entering the hedge;

the nature of the risks being hedged and the economic relationship between the hedged item and the hedging instrument; and

whether the change in cash-flows of the hedged item and hedging instrument are expected to offset each other.

Changes in the fair value of any derivative financial instruments that do not qualify for hedge accounting are recognised immediately in the income statement.

Fair value hedge

The Group uses derivative financial instruments to convert part of its fixed rate debt to floating rate in order to hedge the risks arising from its external borrowings.

The Group designates these as fair value hedges of interest rate risk. Changes in the hedging instrument are recorded in the income statement, together with any changes in the fair values of the hedged assets or liabilities that are attributable to the hedged risk to the extent that the hedge is effective. Gains or losses relating to any ineffectiveness are immediately recognised in the income statement.

Cash-flow hedge

Cash-flow hedging is used by the Group to hedge certain exposures to variability in future cash-flows.

The effective portions of changes in the fair values of derivatives that are designated and qualify as cash-flow hedges are recognised in equity. The gain or loss relating to any ineffective portion is recognised immediately in the income statement. Amounts accumulated in the hedge reserve are recycled in the income statement in the periods when the hedged items will affect profit or loss (for example, when the forecast sale that is hedged takes place).

If a forecast transaction that is hedged results in the recognition of a non-financial asset (for example, inventory) or a liability, the gains and losses previously deferred in the hedge reserve are transferred from the reserve and included in the initial measurement of the cost of the asset or liability. When a hedging instrument expires or is sold, or when a hedge no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting, any cumulative gain or loss existing in the hedge reserve at that time remains in the reserve and is recognised when the forecast transaction is ultimately recognised in the income statement.

When a forecast transaction is no longer expected to occur, the cumulative gain or loss that was reported in other comprehensive income is immediately transferred to the income statement.

Net investment hedge

Hedges of net investments in foreign operations are accounted for similarly to cash-flow hedges. Any gain or loss on the hedging instrument relating to the effective portion of the hedge is recognised in other comprehensive income; the gain or loss relating to any ineffective portion is recognised immediately in the income statement. When a foreign operation is disposed of, gains and losses accumulated in equity related to that operation are included in the income statement for that period.

Fair value of financial assets and liabilities

The fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities are the amounts at which the instrument could be exchanged in a current transaction between willing parties, other than in a forced or liquidation sale.

'IFRS 13: Fair value measurement' requires fair value measurements to be classified according to the following hierarchy:

level 1 - quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

level 2 - valuations in which all inputs are observable either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices); and

level 3 - valuations in which one or more inputs that are significant to the resulting value are not based on observable market data.

See note 21 for information on the methods which the Group uses to estimate the fair values of its financial instruments.

Dividends

Dividends are recognised as a liability in the period in which they are authorised. The interim dividend is recognised when it is paid and the final dividend is recognised when it has been approved by shareholders at the Annual General Meeting.

New accounting standards effective 2021

The accounting policies adopted in the preparation of these consolidated financial statements are consistent with those followed in the previous financial year, except for the adoption of the following amendments to the accounting standards issued by the International Accounting Standards Board:

Amendments to IFRS 9, IAS 39 and IFRS 7 - Interest rate benchmark reform (phase 1)

The amendment provides temporary relief from applying specific hedge accounting requirements to hedging relationships directly affected by interbank offered rate (IBOR) reform. The reliefs have the effect that IBOR reform should not generally cause hedge accounting to terminate. The expectations are that the cash flows in relation to hedging relationships will not be altered by the reform and the derivative instruments used in hedge accounting will still provide a close approximation to the extent of the managed risk exposures.

New standards and interpretations not yet adopted

No other new standards, new interpretations or amendments to standards or interpretations have been published which are expected to have a significant impact on the Group's financial statements.

 

Notes to the accounts

1 SEGMENT INFORMATION

Analysis by operating segment

The Group is organised into five divisions: John Crane, Smiths Detection, Flex-Tek, Smiths Interconnect and Smiths Medical. These divisions design, manufacture and support the following products:

John Crane - mechanical seals, seal support systems, power transmission couplings and specialised filtration systems;

Smiths Detection - sensors and systems that detect and identify explosives, narcotics, weapons, chemical agents, biohazards and contraband;

Flex-Tek - engineered components, flexible hosing and rigid tubing that heat and move fluids and gases;

Smiths Interconnect - specialised electronic and radio frequency board-level and waveguide devices, connectors, cables, test sockets and sub-systems used in high-speed, high reliability, secure connectivity applications; and

Smiths Medical - infusion systems, vascular access products, patient airway and temperature management equipment and specialised devices in areas of diagnostic and emergency patient transport.

The position and performance of each division are reported at each Board meeting to the Board of Directors. This information is prepared using the same accounting policies as the consolidated financial information except that the Group uses headline operating profit to monitor the divisional results and operating assets to monitor the divisional position. See note 3 and note 30 for an explanation of which items are excluded from headline measures.

The Smiths Medical business is classified as a discontinued operation and the segmental information of the Smiths Medical division is disclosed in note 28.

Intersegment sales and transfers are charged at arm's length prices.

Segment trading performance

	Year ended 31 July 2021
	John Crane £m	Smiths  Detection £m	Flex-Tek £m	Smiths Interconnect £m	Corporate costs £m	Total £m
Revenue	865	721	508	312	-	2,406
Divisional headline operating profit	187	99	97	35	-	418
Corporate headline operating costs	-	-	-	-	(46)	(46)
Headline operating profit/(loss)	187	99	97	35	(46)	372
Items excluded from headline measures (note 3)	(3)	(22)	(14)	(1)	(6)	(46)
Operating profit/(loss)	184	77	83	34	(52)	326

 

	Year ended 31 July 2020
	John Crane £m	Smiths  Detection £m	Flex-Tek £m	Smiths Interconnect £m	Corporate costs £m	Total £m
Revenue	955	806	478	309	-	2,548
Divisional headline operating profit	187	82	83	26	-	378
Corporate headline operating costs	-	-	-	-	(51)	(51)
Headline operating profit/(loss)	187	82	83	26	(51)	327
Items excluded from headline measures (note 3)	(33)	(25)	(31)	(3)	6	(86)
Operating profit/(loss)	154	57	52	23	(45)	241

 

Operating profit is stated after charging the following items:

	Year ended 31 July 2021
	John Crane £m	Smiths  Detection £m	Flex-Tek £m	Smiths Interconnect £m	Corporate and non-headline £m	Total £m
Depreciation - property, plant and equipment	15	12	6	6	1	40
Depreciation - right of use assets	14	7	4	5	2	32
Amortisation of capitalised development costs	-	7	-	-	-	7
Amortisation of software, patents and intellectual property	3	1	-	2	1	7
Amortisation of acquired intangibles	-	-	-	-	53	53
Share-based payment	3	2	1	1	6	13
Strategic restructuring costs	4	6	-	10	1	21

 

	Year ended 31 July 2020
	John Crane £m	Smiths  Detection £m	Flex-Tek £m	Smiths Interconnect £m	Corporate and non-headline  £m	Total £m
Depreciation - property, plant and equipment	15	12	7	6	1	41
Depreciation - right of use assets	15	7	4	5	2	33
Amortisation of capitalised development costs	-	6	-	-	-	6
Amortisation of software, patents and intellectual property	4	-	-	2	1	7
Amortisation of acquired intangibles	-	-	-	-	57	57
Share-based payment	3	2	1	1	3	10
Strategic restructuring costs	14	14	-	2	1	31
Impairment of capitalised development costs	-	12	-	-	-	12
Balance sheet write-downs - trade receivables	4	5	-	3	-	12

The corporate and non-headline column comprises central information technology, human resources and headquarters costs and non-headline expenses (see note 3).

Segment assets and liabilities

Segment assets

	31 July 2021
	John Crane £m	Smiths  Detection £m	Flex-Tek £m	Smiths Interconnect £m	Corporate and non-headline £m	Total £m
Property, plant, equipment, right of use assets, development projects, other intangibles and investments	152	117	75	44	18	406
Inventory, trade and other receivables	356	417	160	127	10	1,070
Segment assets	508	534	235	171	28	1,476

 

 

 

	31 July 2020
	John Crane £m	Smiths Detection £m	Flex-Tek £m	Smiths  Interconnect £m	Corporate and non-headline £m	Total £m
Property, plant, equipment, development projects, other intangibles and investments	143	125	64	49	26	407
Inventory, trade and other receivables	395	438	144	136	11	1,124
Segment assets	538	563	208	185	37	1,531

Non-headline assets comprise receivables relating to non-headline items, acquisitions and disposals. Further details of the assets held for sale are disclosed in note 28.

Segment liabilities

	31 July 2021
	John Crane £m	Smiths  Detection £m	Flex-Tek £m	Smiths Interconnect £m	Corporate and non-headline £m	Total £m
Divisional liabilities	(137)	(276)	(66)	(61)	-	(540)
Corporate and non-headline liabilities	-	-	-	-	(336)	(336)
Segment liabilities	(137)	(276)	(66)	(61)	(336)	(876)

 

	31 July 2020
	John Crane £m	Smiths Detection £m	Flex-Tek £m	Smiths  Interconnect £m	Corporate and non-headline £m	Total £m
Divisional liabilities	(142)	(288)	(60)	(55)	-	(545)
Corporate and non-headline liabilities	-	-	-	-	(364)	(364)
Segment liabilities	(142)	(288)	(60)	(55)	(364)	(909)

Non-headline liabilities comprise provisions and accruals relating to non-headline items, acquisitions and disposals. Further details of the liabilities held for sale are disclosed in note 28.

Reconciliation of segment assets and liabilities to statutory assets and liabilities

	Assets			Liabilities
	31 July 2021 £m	31 July 2020 £m		31 July 2021 £m	31 July 2020 £m
Segment assets and liabilities	1,476	1,531		(876)	(909)
Goodwill and acquired intangibles	1,423	1,489		-	-
Derivatives	77	84		(3)	(4)
Current and deferred tax	167	148		(122)	(111)
Retirement benefit assets and obligations	546	516		(128)	(139)
Cash and borrowings	405	366		(1,502)	(1,561)
Assets and liabilities held for sale	1,243	1,279		(283)	(295)
Statutory assets and liabilities	5,337	5,413		(2,914)	(3,019)

 

 

Segment capital expenditure

The capital expenditure on property, plant and equipment, capitalised development and other intangible assets for each division is:

	John Crane £m	Smiths Detection £m	Flex-Tek £m	Smiths  Interconnect £m	Corporate and non-headline £m	Total £m
Capital expenditure year ended 31 July 2021	19	23	9	9	2	62
Capital expenditure year ended 31 July 2020	18	29	8	8	3	66

Segment capital employed

Capital employed is a non-statutory measure of invested resources. It comprises statutory net assets adjusted to add goodwill recognised directly in reserves in respect of subsidiaries acquired before 1 August 1998 of £787m (FY2020: £787m) and eliminate retirement benefit assets and obligations and litigation provisions relating to non-headline items, both net of related tax, and net debt. See note 30 for a reconciliation of net assets to capital employed.

The 12-month rolling average capital employed by division, which Smiths uses to calculate divisional return on capital employed, is:

	31 July 2021
	John Crane £m	Smiths  Detection £m	Flex-Tek £m	Smiths Interconnect £m	Total £m
Average divisional capital employed	937	1,018	449	395	2,799
Average capital employed - business held for sale					1,335
Average corporate capital employed					31
Average total capital employed					4,165

 

	31 July 2020
	John Crane £m	Smiths  Detection £m	Flex-Tek £m	Smiths  Interconnect £m	Total £m
Average divisional capital employed	989	1,144	474	405	3,012
Average capital employed - business held for sale					1,335
Average corporate capital employed					(32)
Average total capital employed					4,315

The Smiths Medical division has been accounted for as a business held for sale. Further details of the segmental assets and liabilities of the Smiths Medical division are disclosed in note 28.

 

Analysis of revenue

The revenue for the main product and service lines for each division is:

John Crane	Original equipment £m	Aftermarket £m	Total £m
Revenue year ended 31 July 2021	273	592	865
Revenue year ended 31 July 2020	314	641	955

 

Smiths Detection			Aviation £m	Other security systems £m	Total £m
Revenue year ended 31 July 2021			546	175	721
Revenue year ended 31 July 2020			577	229	806

 

Flex-Tek			Aerospace £m	Industrials £m	Total £m
Revenue year ended 31 July 2021			99	409	508
Revenue year ended 31 July 2020			133	345	478

 

Smiths Interconnect				Components, Connectors & Subsystems £m
Revenue year ended 31 July 2021				312
Revenue year ended 31 July 2020				309

Aftermarket sales contributed £1,198m (FY2020: £1,250m) of Group revenue: John Crane aftermarket sales were £592m (FY2020: £641m); Smiths Detection aftermarket sales were £331m (FY2020: £359m); Flex-Tek aftermarket sales were £270m (FY2020: £244m); and Smiths Interconnect aftermarket sales were £5m (FY2020: £6m).

The Group's statutory revenue is analysed as follows:

		Year ended 31 July 2021 £m	Year ended 31 July 2020 Restated* £m
Sale of goods recognised at a point in time		1,723	1,865
Sale of goods recognised over time		94	52
Services recognised over time		589	631
		2,406	2,548

* Following a review of the Group's revenue disclosures, the comparative period ended 31 July 2020 has been adjusted to reclassify £162m of repairs revenue from 'Sale of goods recognised at a point in time' to 'Services recognised over time'. This reclassification has no impact on total revenue, profit or net assets recorded in the comparative period ended 31 July 2020.

 

Analysis by geographical areas

The Group's revenue by destination and non-current operating assets by location are shown below:

	Revenue			Intangible assets, right of use assets and property, plant and equipment
	Year ended 31 July 2021 £m	Year ended 31 July 2020 £m		31 July 2021 £m	31 July 2020 £m
Americas	1,244	1,263		1,195	1,231
Europe	522	580		512	553
Asia-Pacific	390	460		70	72
Rest of the World	250	245		41	20
	2,406	2,548		1,818	1,876

Revenue by destination attributable to the United Kingdom was £69m (FY2020: £85m). Revenue earned in the United States of America was material, totalling £1,047m (FY2020: £1,068m). Revenue by destination has been selected as the basis for attributing revenue to geographical areas as this was the geographic attribution of revenue used by management to review -business performance.

Non-current assets located in the United Kingdom total £110m (FY2020: £88m). Significant non-current assets were held in the United States of America £1,138m (FY2020: £1,177m) and Germany £350m (FY2020: £383m).

2 OPERATING COSTS

The Group's operating costs for continuing operations are analysed as follows:

		Year ended 31 July 2021				Year ended 31 July 2020
		Headline £m	Non-headline (note 3) £m	Total £m		Headline £m	Non-headline (note 3) £m	Total £m
Cost of sales - direct materials, labour, production and distribution overheads		1,491	-	1,491		1,598	-	1,598
Selling costs		188	-	188		231	-	231
Administrative expenses		355	46	401		392	86	478
Headline operating costs		2,034	46	2,080		2,221	86	2,307

Income statement representation

Following a review of the Group's external and internal reporting requirements, management have decided to present the consolidated income statement in a revised format disclosing operating costs on the face of the income statement instead of cost of sales, sales and distribution costs and administrative expenses separately.

The results in the comparatives for the period ended 31 July 2020 have been represented accordingly. Management consider that the revised income statement presentation provides users of the financial statements with more accessible, reliable and relevant information about the Group's financial performance.

Operating profit is stated after charging:

	Year ended 31 July 2021 £m	Year ended 31 July 2020 £m
Research and development expense	76	83
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment	40	41
Depreciation of right of use assets	32	33
Amortisation of intangible assets	67	70
Strategic restructuring programme and write-downs	21	55

 

Research and development (R&D) cash costs were £94m (FY2020: £119m) comprising £76m (FY2020: £83m) of R&D expensed to the income statement, £8m (FY2020: £16m) of capitalised costs and £10m (FY2020: £20m) of customer funded R&D.

Administrative expenses include £1m (FY2020: £1m) in respect of lease payments for short term and low value leases which were not included within right of use assets and lease liabilities.

Strategic restructuring programme and write-downs

The Group has continued to incur restructuring costs for the strategic restructuring programme announced in FY2020. The table below shows the analysis of the costs recognised in continuing operations for the restructuring programme and asset write-downs and the calculation basis for headline operating profit excluding restructuring and write-downs:

	Year ended 31 July 2021 £m	Year ended 31 July 2020 £m
Restructuring costs - severance costs and footprint rationalisation	21	31
Impairment of capitalised development costs	-	12
Balance sheet write-downs - trade receivables	-	12
Total strategic restructuring costs and write-downs	21	55
Operating profit - see note 30 for definition	326	241
Non-headline operating profit items - see note 3	46	86
Strategic restructuring costs and write-downs - see above	21	55
Headline operating profit excluding restructuring and write-downs	393	382

Auditors' remuneration

The following fees were paid or are payable to the company's auditors, KPMG LLP and other firms in the KPMG network, for the year ended 31 July 2021.

	Year ended 31 July 2021 £m	Year ended 31 July 2020 £m
Audit services
Fees payable to the Company's auditors for the audit of the Company's annual financial statements	2.3	2.3
Fees payable to the Company's auditors and its associates for other services:
- the audit of the Company's subsidiaries	4.2	3.6
	6.5	5.9
All other services	0.9	0.5

Other services comprise audit-related assurance services £0.4m (FY2020: £0.3m) and fees for reporting accountant services in connection with a class 1 disposal £0.5m (FY2020: £0.2m). Total fees for non audit services comprise 13% (FY2020: 9%) of audit fees. Audit-related assurance services include the review of the Interim Report.

In the current year, the Group has additionally agreed £1.6m of additional fees with the Group auditors relating to the audit of the prior year financial statements.

 

3 NON-STATUTORY PROFIT MEASURES      

Headline profit measures

The Group has identified and defined a 'headline' measure of performance which is not impacted by material non-recurring items or items considered non-operational/trading in nature. This non-GAAP measure of profit is not intended to be a substitute for any IFRS measures of performance, but is a key measure used by management to understand and manage performance. See the disclosures on presentation of results in accounting policies for an explanation of the adjustments. The items excluded from 'headline' are referred to as 'non-headline' items.

Non-headline operating profit items

The non-headline items included in statutory operating profit for continuing operations were as follows:

	Notes	Year ended 31 July 2021 £m	Year ended 31 July 2020 £m
Post-acquisition integration costs and fair value adjustment unwind
Integration programme costs		(1)	(4)
Unwind of acquisition balance sheet fair value uplift		(1)	-
Acquisition and disposal related transaction costs and provision releases
Business acquisition/disposal costs		(1)	(3)
Legacy pension scheme arrangements
Guaranteed Minimum Pension (GMP) equalisation	8	(6)	-
Settlement gain on retirement benefit schemes	8	-	7
Non-headline litigation provision movements
Movement in provision held against Titeflex Corporation subrogation claims	23	13	(1)
Provision for John Crane, Inc. asbestos litigation	23	(6)	(31)
Cost recovery for John Crane, Inc. asbestos litigation		9	3
Other items
Amortisation of acquired intangible assets	10	(53)	(57)
Non-headline items in operating profit - continuing operations		(46)	(86)

Post-acquisition integration costs and fair value adjustment unwind

The £1m (FY2020: £4m) of integration programme costs principally related to defined projects for the integration of United Flexible into the existing Flex-Tek business. Integration programme costs included the direct costs of organisational change, site rationalisation and entity closure costs. The United Flexible integration programme concluded in the current year. Integration costs were recognised as non-headline items because they were considered material and bear no relation to the ongoing performance of the acquired businesses.

The impact of unwinding the acquisition balance sheet fair value adjustments required by IFRS 3 'Business combinations' was recognised as non-headline as the charge did not relate to trading activity. The £1m (FY2020: £nil) charge was due to the unwind of fair value uplifts on the acquisition of Royal Metal Products.

Acquisition and disposal related transaction costs and provision releases

The £1m of business acquisition/disposal costs (FY2020: £3m) represented incremental transaction costs primarily on the acquisition of Royal Metal Products These costs did not include the cost of employees working on transactions and were reported as non-headline because they were dependent on the level of acquisition and disposal activity in the year. In the prior year these costs represented incremental transaction costs on the acquisition of Reflex Photonics and additional payments due on the acquisition of United Flexible following COVID-19 related changes to the US tax code.

Legacy pension scheme arrangements

In the current year past service costs of £6m (FY2020: £nil) were recognised following a further ruling from the UK High Court on GMP equalisation. The prior period settlement gain of £7m was principally due to changes to the Group's US post-retirement healthcare plans as a result of the US Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. These items were reported as non-headline as they were non-recurring and related to legacy pension liabilities.

Non-headline litigation provision movements

The following litigation costs and recoveries have been treated as non-headline items because the provisions were treated as non-headline when originally recognised and the subrogation claims and litigation relate to products that the Group no longer sells in these markets:

The £13m credit (FY2020: £1m charge) recognised by Titeflex Corporation in respect of changes to the estimated cost of future claims was principally due to a reduction in the estimate of the number of future claims and a movement in the discount rate following an increase in US treasury bond yields . See note 22 for further details; and

The £6m charge (FY2020: £31m charge) recognised for John Crane, Inc. asbestos litigation provision was principally due to an increased provision for legal defence costs, partially offset by discount rate movements following an increase in US treasury bond yields. The costs recovered via insurer settlements in the current year were £9m (FY2020: £3m). See note 22 for further details.

Other items

Acquired intangible asset amortisation costs of £53m (FY2020: £57m) were recognised in the current year. This was considered to be a non-headline item on the basis that these charges resulted from acquisition accounting and were non-operational in nature.

Non-headline finance costs items

The non-headline items included in finance costs for continuing operations were as follows:

	Notes	Year ended 31 July 2021 £m	Year ended 31 July 2020 £m
Unwind of discount on provisions	23	(2)	(5)
Other finance income - retirement benefits	8	6	7
Foreign exchange loss on intercompany loan with discontinued operations		(50)	(62)
Other financing gains		-	1
Non-headline items in finance costs - continuing operations		(46)	(59)
Continuing operations - non-headline loss before taxation		(92)	(145)

The financing elements of non-headline legacy liabilities, including the £2m (FY2020: £5m) unwind of discount on provisions, were excluded from headline finance costs because these provisions were originally recognised as non-headline and this treatment has been maintained for ongoing costs and credits.

Other finance income comprises £6m (FY2020: £7m) of financing credits relating to retirement benefits. These were excluded from headline finance costs because the ongoing costs and credits are a legacy of previous employee pension arrangements.

Foreign exchange gains or losses on intercompany financing between Smiths Medical and the continuing group were recognised on the face of the income statement as a non-headline item due to the classification of the Smiths Medical division as a discontinued operation. The £50m foreign exchange loss in continuing operations (FY2020: £62m) matches the foreign exchange gain in discontinued operations. This was excluded from headline net finance costs as these fair value movements were non-operational in nature and were purely a consequence of the presentational requirements for discontinued operations.

Other financing gains in the current year was £nil (FY2020: £1m); note 4 provides a further breakdown of this balance. Other financing gains represent fair value movements on financial instruments, foreign exchange movements on borrowings and other financing activities which the Group excluded from headline net finance costs. These fair value movements are excluded from headline net finance costs when the following requirements are met:

Fair value gains and losses on the interest element of derivative financial instruments hedging the Group's net debt exposures are excluded from headline as they will either reverse over time or be matched in future periods by interest charges.

Fair value gains and losses on the currency element of derivative financial instruments hedging the Group's net debt and exposures, and exchange gains and losses on borrowings are excluded as the relevant foreign exchange gains and losses on the commercially hedged items are recognised as a separate component of other comprehensive income in accordance with the Group's foreign currencies accounting policy.

 

Non-headline taxation items

The non-headline items included in taxation for continuing operations were as follows:

	Notes	Year ended 31 July 2021 £m	Year ended 31 July 2020 £m
Tax on non-headline loss	6	9	15
US deferred tax asset derecognition	6	-	(5)
UK deferred tax asset re-recognition	6	4	3
Non-headline items in taxation - continuing operations		13	13
Continuing operations - non-headline loss for the year		(79)	(132)

US deferred tax asset derecognition

In FY2020 £5m of tax losses were derecognised following changes in US tax legislation which affected the Group's ability to utilise the losses. The losses equated to non-headline amortisation of intangibles and their derecognition was therefore treated as non-headline. No further derecognition adjustments were made in FY2021.

UK deferred tax asset re-recognition

In FY2019 £36m of deferred tax was derecognised following the decision to separate Smiths Medical which reduces the Group's profitability in the UK. In FY2021 £4m (FY2020: £3m) of deferred tax was re-recognised due to movements in UK pension schemes and deferred tax thereon, including the change in future UK tax rate (from 19% to 25%) applied thereon. These movements were reported as non-headline because the prior year charge was reported as non-headline. The £4m was offset by a £6m deferred tax charge in equity.

Non-headline items for discontinued operations

The non-headline items for discontinued operations were as follows:

	Notes	Year ended 31 July 2021 £m	Year ended 31 July 2020 £m
Acquisition and disposal related transaction costs and provision releases
Medical separation costs		(18)	(23)
Other items
Impairment of capitalised development costs and related assets		(61)	-
Non-headline finance costs items
Foreign exchange gain on intercompany loan with parent		50	62
Non-headline taxation items
Tax on non-headline loss	28	23	22
Non-headline items in profit from discontinued operations		(6)	61
Profit for the year - non-headline items for continuing and discontinued operations		(85)	(71)

Medical separation costs amounted to £18m (FY2020: £23m); this represents the incremental costs incurred by the Group to demerge/sell the Smiths Medical business.  These costs have been reported as non-headline as they were both material and non-recurring.

The intangible asset impairment assessments performed for FY2021 have identified a non-cash impairment charge of £61m (FY2020: £nil) for capitalised development costs and related programme assets; see note 28 for further details.  The quantum of this impairment charge was material; therefore it has been separately disclosed as a non-headline item.

The £50m foreign exchange gain on intercompany loan with parent (FY2020: £62m) matches the foreign exchange loss in continuing operations. This was excluded from headline net finance costs as these fair value movements were non-operational in nature and were purely a consequence of the presentational requirements for discontinued operations.

 

4 NET FINANCE COSTS

	Notes	Year ended 31 July 2021 £m	Year ended 31 July 2020 £m
Interest receivable		9	6
Interest payable:
- bank loans and overdrafts, including associated fees		(7)	(8)
- other loans		(39)	(43)
- interest on leases		(3)	(4)
Interest payable		(49)	(55)
Headline net finance costs		(40)	(49)
Other financing gains/(losses):
- valuation movements on fair value hedged debt		22	10
- valuation movements on fair value derivatives		(25)	(4)
- foreign exchange and ineffectiveness on net investment hedges		3	(1)
- retranslation of foreign currency bank balances		(3)	(3)
- other items including counterparty credit risk adjustments and non-hedge accounted derivatives		3	(1)
Other financing gains	3	-	1
Foreign exchange gain on intercompany loan with discontinued operations	3	(50)	(62)
Unwind of discount on provisions	3	(2)	(5)
Net interest income on retirement benefit obligations	8	6	7
Non-headline finance cost items		(46)	(59)
Net finance costs		(86)	(108)

5 EARNINGS PER SHARE

Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the profit for the year attributable to equity shareholders of the Company by the average number of ordinary shares in issue during the year.

	Year ended 31 July 2021 £m	Year ended 31 July 2020 £m
Profit attributable to equity shareholders for the year:
- continuing	156	65
- discontinued	128	200
Total	284	265
Average number of shares in issue during the year (note 24)	396,350,586	396,193,310
Statutory earnings per share total - basic	71.7p	66.9p
Statutory earnings per share total - diluted	71.3p	66.4p
Statutory earnings per share continuing operations - basic	39.4p	16.4p
Statutory earnings per share continuing operations - diluted	39.1p	16.3p

Diluted earnings per share are calculated by dividing the profit attributable to ordinary shareholders by 398,576,502 (FY2020: 398,814,030) ordinary shares, being the average number of ordinary shares in issue during the year adjusted by the dilutive effect of employee share schemes. Zero options (FY2020: zero) were excluded from this calculation because their effect was anti‑dilutive.

 

A reconciliation of statutory and headline earnings per share is as follows:

	Year ended 31 July 2021				Year ended 31 July 2020
	£m	Basic EPS (p)	Diluted EPS (p)		£m	Basic EPS (p)	Diluted EPS (p)
Total profit attributable to equity shareholders of the Parent Company	284	71.7	71.3		265	66.9	66.4
Exclude: Non-headline items (note 3)	85				71
Headline earnings per share	369	93.1	92.6		336	84.8	84.2
Profit from continuing operations attributable to equity shareholders of the Parent Company	156	39.4	39.1		65	16.4	16.3
Exclude: Non-headline items (note 3)	79				132
Headline earnings per share - continuing operations	235	59.3	59.0		197	49.7	49.4

6 TAXATION

This note only provides information about corporate income taxes under IFRS. Smiths companies operate in over 50 countries across the world. They pay and collect many different taxes in addition to corporate income taxes including: payroll taxes; value added and sales taxes; property taxes; product-specific taxes; and environmental taxes. The costs associated with these other taxes are included in profit before tax.

	Year ended 31 July 2021 £m	Year ended 31 July 2020 £m
The taxation charge in the consolidated income statement for the year comprises:
Continuing operations
- current income tax charge	71	77
- current tax adjustments in respect of prior periods	7	2
Current taxation	78	79
Deferred taxation	5	(13)
Total taxation expense - continuing operations	83	66
Discontinued operations
- current income tax charge	17	11
- deferred taxation	2	8
Total taxation expense - discontinued operations	19	19
Total taxation expense in the consolidated income statement	102	85

 

	Year ended 31 July 2021 £m	Year ended 31 July 2020 £m
Tax on items charged/(credited) to equity
Deferred tax:
- retirement benefit schemes	6	2
- foreign exchange	(5)	(3)
- share-based payment	(1)	1
	-	-

Of the net £6m (FY2020: £2m) charge to equity for retirement benefits, a £6m (FY2020: £3m) charge related to UK retirement schemes.

 

Current taxation liabilities

	Current tax £m
At 31 July 2019	(51)
Charge to income statement	(79)
Business acquired (note 27)	(3)
Tax paid	95
At 31 July 2020	(38)
Current tax receivable	46
Current tax payable within one year	(79)
Corporation tax payable after more than one year	(5)
At 31 July 2020	(38)
Foreign exchange gain	1
Charge to income statement	(78)
Tax paid	96
At 31 July 2021	(19)
Current tax receivable	75
Current tax payable within one year	(89)
Corporation tax payable after more than one year	(5)
At 31 July 2021	(19)

Taxation liabilities included provisions of £34m (FY2020: £29m), the majority of which related to the risk of challenge to the geographic allocation of profits by tax authorities.

In addition to the risks provided for, the Group faces a variety of other tax risks, which result from operating in a complex global environment, including the ongoing reform of both international and domestic tax rules, new and ongoing tax audits in the Group's larger markets and the challenge to fulfil ongoing tax compliance filing and transfer pricing obligations given the scale and diversity of the Group's global operations.

The Group anticipates that a number of tax audits are likely to conclude in the next 12 to 24 months. Due to the uncertainty associated with such tax items, it is possible that the conclusion of open tax matters may result in a final outcome that varies significantly from the amounts noted above.

 

Reconciliation of the tax charge

The headline tax charge for the year of £96m (FY2020: £79m) represented an effective rate of 28.9% (FY2020: 28.3%).  The headline effective tax rate for the Total Group including discontinued operations was 27.1% (FY2020: 26.2%). The tax charge on the profit for the year for continuing operations was different from the standard rate of corporation tax in the UK of 19.0% (FY2020: 19.0%). The difference is reconciled as follows:

	Year ended 31 July 2021 £m	Year ended 31 July 2020 £m
Profit before taxation	240	133
Notional taxation expense at UK corporate rate of 19.0% (FY2020: 19.0%)	46	25
Different tax rates on non-UK profits and losses	16	10
Non-deductible expenses and other charges	30	16
Tax credits and non-taxable income	(8)	7
Non-headline re-recognition of UK deferred tax asset	(4)	(3)
Other adjustments to unrecognised deferred tax	(4)	(6)
Non-headline derecognition of US deferred tax asset	-	5
Tax on Smiths Medical consolidation adjustments	8	11
Prior year true-up	(1)	1
Tax on continuing operations	83	66
Tax on discontinued operations	19	19
Total taxation expense in the consolidated income statement	102	85
Comprising:
Taxation on headline profit	96	79
Non-headline taxation items:
- Tax on non-headline loss	(9)	(15)
- Re-recognition of UK deferred tax asset	(4)	(3)
- Derecognition of US deferred tax asset	-	5
Taxation on non-headline items	(13)	(13)
Taxation on discontinued operations	19	19
Total taxation expense in the consolidated income statement	102	85

The head office of Smiths Group is domiciled in the UK; so the tax charge has been reconciled to UK tax rates.

 

Deferred taxation assets/(liabilities)

Property, plant, equipment and intangible assets £m		Employment benefits £m	Losses carried forward £m	Provisions £m	Other £m	Total £m
At 31 July 2019	(84)	(48)	106	91	5	70
Charge to income statement - continuing operations	6	(12)	21	-	(2)	13
Credit to equity	-	(3)	3	-	-	-
Foreign exchange rate movements	4	(3)	(2)	(5)	(2)	(8)
At 31 July 2020	(74)	(66)	128	86	1	75
Deferred tax assets	(5)	(75)	106	63	13	102
Deferred tax liabilities	(69)	9	22	23	(12)	(27)
At 31 July 2020	(74)	(66)	128	86	1	75
Reallocations	11	(1)	(14)	2	2	-
Charge to income statement - continuing operations	4	(31)	27	(5)	-	(5)
Credit to equity	-	(6)	5	-	-	(1)
Foreign exchange rate movements	3	(1)	(2)	(5)	-	(5)
At 31 July 2021	(56)	(105)	144	78	3	64
Deferred tax assets	2	(113)	126	62	15	92
Deferred tax liabilities	(58)	8	18	16	(12)	(28)
At 31 July 2021	(56)	(105)	144	78	3	64

Businesses held for sale had net deferred tax liabilities of £39m at 31 July 2021 (FY2020: £39m).

Of the amounts included within "Other" in the table above as at 31 July 2021, liabilities relating to tax on unremitted earnings were £14m (FY2020: £11m). The aggregate amount of temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries for which deferred tax liabilities have not been recognised was immaterial.

The deferred tax asset relating to losses has been recognised on the basis of strong evidence of future taxable profits against which the unutilised tax losses can be relieved or because it is probable that they will be recovered against the reversal of deferred tax liabilities. Deferred tax relating to provisions includes £54m (FY2020: £59m) relating to John Crane Inc. litigation provision, and £11m (FY2020: £16m) relating to Titeflex Corporation litigation provision. See note 23 for additional information on provisions.

Included in other deferred tax balances above was a deferred tax asset related to inventory of £nil (FY2020: £5m) and deferred revenue of £nil (FY2020: £1m).

Unrecognised Deferred Tax

The Group, including Smiths Medical, had unrecognised deferred tax relating to losses amounting to £107m (FY2020: £94m).

The expiry date of operating losses carried forward is dependent upon the law of the various territories in which the losses arise. A summary of expiry dates for the unrecognised deferred tax on losses is set out below:

	2021 £m	Expiry of losses	2020 £m	Expiry of losses
Restricted losses - Asia	30	2022-2027	27	2021-2026
Restricted losses - Americas	-	-	1	2021-2022
Unrestricted losses - operating losses	77	No expiry	66	No expiry
Total unrecognised deferred tax on losses	107		94

Franked Investment Income Group Litigation Order (FII GLO)

The Group joined the FII GLO litigation against HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC) in 2009. The court actions were first filed in 2003 and the Group joined the GLO shortly before the then understood latest date by which it was "in time" to make a claim. Since then there have been about 12 years of litigation in both the EU and English Courts. In November 2020 the Supreme Court, in allowing HMRC's appeal, decided that the time limit for claims should be determined as 6 years from when the claimants (including the Group) knew, or by undertaking reasonable diligence could have known, that they had a valid claim. The case has now returned to the High Court to determine the actual date on the facts of the matter. This is expected to add at least three years to the litigation.

In the light of this decision, management's view of the likelihood of a successful outcome in the Courts has changed. So rather than incurring the costs and management time in continuing with litigation, with a worst case involving an outflow of cash of around £2m, the Group has chosen to settle with HMRC. The settlement amount of £1m was paid to the Group on 11 February 2021. This amount is in addition to £2m which the Group received in FY2018. The Group has now withdrawn from the FII GLO.

EU Commission Investigation re Claims for Partial (75%) Exemption for Profits from qualifying loan relationships

At 31 July 2020, the Group disclosed a contingent liability of £15m, in relation to the EU Commission decision that the UK's tax rules constituted illegal State Aid. In June 2019 the UK government appealed to the General Court of the European Union against the decision. Many UK based international companies also appealed the decision, including Smiths in October 2019. Nonetheless, the UK Government is required to commence recovery from beneficiaries of the alleged aid in line with the European Commission's decision.

The recovery process by the UK tax authorities is underway and HMRC has begun issuing charging notices.

In May 2021, Smiths received confirmation from HMRC that Smiths is not viewed as a beneficiary of State Aid and, subject to any new information coming to light, the matter is regarded as closed. On this basis there is no longer a contingent liability and Smiths is considering whether to withdraw its appeal to the European Court made in October 2019.

7 EMPLOYEES

	Year ended 31 July 2021				Year ended 31 July 2020
	Continuing operations £m	Discontinued operations £m	Total £m		Continuing operations £m	Discontinued operations £m	Total £m
Staff costs during the period
Wages and salaries	627	234	861		695	257	952
Social security	85	22	107		84	25	109
Share-based payment (note 9)	13	1	14		10	1	11
Pension costs (including defined contribution schemes - note 8)	26	11	37		28	12	40
	751	268	1,019		817	295	1,112

 

The average number of persons employed, rounded to the nearest 50 employees, was:

	Year ended  31 July 2021	Year ended  31 July 2020
John Crane	5,950	6,450
Smiths Detection	3,000	3,000
Flex-Tek	3,000	2,850
Smiths Interconnect	2,300	2,450
Corporate (including central/shared IT services)	300	300
Continuing operations	14,550	15,050
Discontinued operations - Smiths Medical	7,500	8,050
Total	22,050	23,100

 

 

Key management

The key management of the Group comprises Smiths Group plc Board Directors and Executive Committee members. Their aggregate compensation is shown below. Details of Directors' remuneration are contained in the report of the Remuneration Committee within the Annual Report 2021.

	Year ended 31 July 2021 £m	Year ended 31 July  2020 £m
Key management compensation
Salaries and short-term employee benefits	12.8	10.3
Cost of retirement benefits	0.9	0.8
Cost of share-based incentive plans	3.9	3.0

No member of key management had any material interest during the period in a contract of significance (other than a service contract or a qualifying third-party indemnity provision) with the Company or any of its subsidiaries.

Options and awards held at the end of the period by key management in respect of the Company's share-based incentive plans were:

	Year ended 31 July 2021			Year ended 31 July 2020
	Number of instruments '000	Weighted average exercise  price		Number of instruments '000	Weighted average  exercise  price
SEP	169			270
LTIP	1,645			1,494
Restricted stock	82			96
SAYE	11	£10.11		13	£10.58

Related party transactions

The only related party transactions in FY2021 were key management compensation (FY2020: key management compensation).

8 RETIREMENT BENEFITS

Smiths provides retirement benefits to employees in a number of countries. This includes defined benefit and defined contribution plans and, mainly in the United Kingdom (UK) and United States of America (US), post-retirement healthcare.

Defined contribution plans

The Group operates defined contribution plans across many countries. In the UK a defined contribution plan has been offered since the closure of the UK defined benefit pension plans. In the US a 401(k) defined contribution plan operates. The total expense recognised in the consolidated income statement in respect of all these plans was £36m (FY2020: £38m).

Defined benefit and post-retirement healthcare plans

The principal defined benefit pension plans are in the UK and in the US and these have been closed so that no future benefits are accrued.

For all schemes, pension costs are assessed in accordance with the advice of independent, professionally qualified actuaries. These valuations have been updated by independent qualified actuaries in order to assess the liabilities of the schemes as at 31 July 2021. Contributions to the schemes are made on the advice of the actuaries, in accordance with local funding requirements.

 

The changes in the present value of the net pension asset in the period were:

	Year ended 31 July 2021 £m	Year ended 31 July 2020 £m
At beginning of period	372	311
Foreign exchange rate movements	5	2
Current service cost	(2)	(3)
Scheme administration costs	(5)	(5)
Past service cost, curtailments, settlements	(6)	8
Finance income - retirement benefits	6	7
Contributions by employer	30	33
Actuarial gain	13	19
Net retirement benefit asset	413	372

The £413m net retirement benefit asset includes £5m (FY2020: £5m) of pension obligations disclosed as liabilities held for sale.

UK pension schemes

Smiths' funded UK pension schemes are subject to a statutory funding objective, as set out in UK pension legislation. Scheme trustees need to obtain regular actuarial valuations to assess the scheme against this funding objective. The trustees and sponsoring companies need to agree funding plans to improve the position of a scheme when it is below the acceptable funding level.

The UK Pensions Regulator has extensive powers to protect the benefits of members, promote good administration and reduce the risk of situations arising which may require compensation to be paid from the Pension Protection Fund. These include imposing a schedule of contributions or the calculation of the technical provisions, where a trustee and company fail to agree appropriate calculations.

Smiths Industries Pension Scheme ('SIPS')

This scheme was closed to future accrual effective 1 November 2009. SIPS provides index-linked pension benefits based on final earnings at date of closure. SIPS is governed by a corporate trustee (S.I. Pension Trustees Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary of Smiths Group plc). The board of trustee directors currently comprises four company-nominated trustees and four member-nominated trustees, with an independent chairman selected by Smiths Group plc. Trustee Directors are responsible for the management, administration, funding and investment strategy of the scheme.

The most recent actuarial valuation of this scheme has been performed using the Projected Unit Method as at 31 March 2020. The valuation showed a surplus of £34m on the Technical Provisions funding basis at the valuation date and the funding position has improved since then.  As part of the valuation agreement, the contributions of £1m per month previously payable to SIPS are stopping after October 2021. The Group's current expectation is that these contributions will not recommence (although the agreement with the Trustee means that there are circumstances relating to the Scheme's funding level in which they could).

The duration of SIPS liabilities is around 23 years (FY2020: 23 years) for active deferred members, 22 years (FY2020: 22 years) for deferred members and 12 years (FY2020: 12 years) for pensioners and dependants. 


In SIPS, an issue has been raised relating to the method used in the early 1990s to equalise retirement ages between men and women in one of its smaller benefits sections. Legal investigation is ongoing to determine if equalisation was undertaken correctly.  Should this not be the case, the current high level estimate of the impact of this issue is that it would increase liabilities by an amount between £nil and £20m. Any additional liability is expected to be accounted for at the point the legal investigations are completed and there is clarity on the legally effective date that equalisation of retirement ages was implemented by the scheme.

In October 2020 SIPS purchased a buy-in annuity policy with Canada Life for a premium of approximately £146m. An actuarial loss of £17m was recognised in the period as a result of this buy-in agreement.

TI Group Pension Scheme ('TIGPS')

This scheme was closed to future accrual effective 1 November 2009. TIGPS provides index-linked pension benefits based on final earnings at the date of closure. TIGPS is governed by a corporate trustee (TI Pension Trustee Limited, an independent company). The board of trustee directors comprises four company-nominated trustees and four member-nominated trustees, with an independent trustee director selected by the Trustee. The Trustee is responsible for the management, administration, funding and investment strategy of the scheme.

The most recent actuarial valuation of this scheme has been performed using the Projected Unit Method as at 5 April 2020. The valuation showed a surplus of £22m on the Technical Provisions funding basis at the valuation date and the funding position has improved since then.  As part of the valuation agreement, the contributions of £1m per month payable to TIGPS stopped with effect from April 2021. The Group's current expectation is that these contributions will not recommence (although the agreement with the Trustee means that there are circumstances relating to the Scheme's funding level in which they could). Under the governing documentation of TIGPS, any future surplus would be returnable to Smiths Group plc by refund, assuming gradual settlement of the liabilities over the lifetime of the scheme.

The duration of the TIGPS liabilities is around 23 years (FY2020: 25 years) for active deferred members, 21 years (FY2020: 22 years) for deferred members and 11 years (FY2020: 11 years) for pensioners and dependants.

In September 2020 TIGPS purchased a buy-in annuity policy with Aviva for a premium of approximately £141m. An actuarial loss of £23m was recognised in the period as a result of this buy-in agreement.

US pension plans

The valuations of the principal US pension and post-retirement healthcare plans were performed using census data at
1 January 2018.

The pension plans were closed with effect from 30 April 2009 and benefits were calculated as at that date and are not revalued. Governance of the US pension plans is overseen by a Settlor Committee appointed by Smiths Group Services Corp, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Group.

The duration of the liabilities for the largest US plan is around 18 years (FY2020: 19 years) for active deferred members, 18 years (FY2020: 19 years) for deferred members and 12 years (FY2020: 12 years) for pensioners and dependants.

Risk management

The pensions schemes are exposed to risks that:

investment returns are below expectations, leaving the schemes with insufficient assets in future to pay all their pension obligations;

members and dependants live longer than expected, increasing the value of the pensions which the schemes have to pay;

inflation rates are higher than expected, causing amounts payable under index-linked pensions to be higher than expected; and

increased contributions are required to meet funding targets if lower interest rates increase the current value of liabilities.

These risks are managed separately for each pension scheme. However the Group has adopted a common approach of closing defined benefit schemes to cap members' entitlements and of supporting trustees in adopting investment strategies which aim to hedge the value of assets against changes in the value of liabilities caused by changes in interest and inflation rates.

Across SIPS and TIGPS, approximately 71% of pensioner liabilities are now de-risked through 10 bulk annuities.

TIGPS

TIGPS has covered roughly 55% of liabilities with matching annuities, eliminating investment return, longevity, inflation and funding risks in respect of those liabilities. It has also adopted a Liability Driven Investment strategy to hedge interest and inflation risks of the scheme's uninsured liabilities by investment in gilts together with the use of gilt repurchase arrangements. The strategy also takes into account the scheme's corporate bond investments.

SIPS

SIPS has covered roughly 30% of liabilities with matching annuities, eliminating investment return, longevity, inflation and funding risks in respect of those liabilities. It has also adopted a Liability Driven Investment (LDI) strategy to hedge interest and inflation risks of the scheme's uninsured liabilities by investment in gilts together with the use of gilt repurchase arrangements, total return swaps, inflation swaps and interest rate swaps. The strategy also takes into account the scheme's corporate bond investments.

 

The principal assumptions used in updating the valuations are set out below:

	2021 UK	2021 US	2021 Other	2020 UK	2020 US	2020 Other
Rate of increase in salaries	n/a	n/a	2.5%	n/a	n/a	3.7%
Rate of increase for active deferred members	4.2%	n/a	n/a	3.8%	n/a	n/a
Rate of increase in pensions in payment	3.3%	n/a	1.5%	2.9%	n/a	3.2%
Rate of increase in deferred pensions	3.3%	n/a	n/a	2.9%	n/a	n/a
Discount rate	1.7%	2.7%	0.7%	1.4%	2.4%	3.0%
Inflation rate	3.3%	n/a	1.5%	2.9%	n/a	2.9%
Healthcare cost increases	4.4%	n/a	n/a	4.4%	n/a	n/a

The assumptions used in calculating the costs and obligations of the Group's defined benefit pension plans are set by the Group after consultation with independent professionally qualified actuaries. The assumptions used are estimates chosen from a range of possible actuarial assumptions which, due to the timescale covered, may not necessarily occur in practice. For countries outside the UK and USA, assumptions are disclosed as a weighted average.

Inflation rate assumptions

The RPI inflation assumption of 3.3% has been derived using the Aon UK Government RPI Curve with an Inflation Risk Premium (IRP) of 0.2% p.a.. The Government's response to its consultation on RPI reform was published on 25 November 2020, and strongly implied that RPI will become aligned with CPI-H from 2030.  No specific allowance (beyond anything already priced into markets) has been factored into the RPI assumptions for potential changes.  The assumption for the long-term gap between RPI and CPI has been reduced by 0.1% (from 0.7% last year to 0.6%) to reflect the Group's view on the market pricing of this gap over the lifetime of the UK schemes' liabilities, i.e. 1.0% pre-2030 and 0.1% post-2030.

Discount rate assumptions

The UK schemes use a discount rate based on the annualised yield on the Aon GBP Select AA Curve, using the expected cash-flows from a notional scheme with obligations of the same duration as that of the UK schemes. The US Plan uses a discount rate based on the annualised yield derived from Willis Towers Watson's RATE:Link (10th  - 90th) model using the Plan's expected cash-flows.

Mortality assumptions

The mortality assumptions used in the principal UK schemes are based on the "SAPS S3" birth year tables with relevant scaling factors based on the recent experience of the schemes. The assumption allows for future improvements in life expectancy in line with the 2020 CMI projections, with a smoothing factor of 7.0 and 'A' parameter of 0.5%/0.25% (SIPS/TIGPS) and blended to a long-term rate of 1.25%. The mortality assumptions used in the principal US schemes are based on generational mortality using Pri-2012 sex-distinct, employee/ non-disabled annuitant table, with a 2012 base year, projected forward generationally with the MP-2020 mortality scale. While COVID-19 has had an impact on mortality in FY2021, the impact on future mortality trends is currently unknown and consequently no adjustment has been made to mortality assumptions in this regard.

Expected further years of life	UK schemes					US schemes
	Male 31 July 2021	Female 31 July 2021	Male 31 July 2020	Female 31 July 2020		Male 31 July 2021	Female 31 July 2021	Male 31 July 2020	Female 31 July 2020
Member who retires next year at age 65	22	24	22	23		20	22	21	22
Member, currently 45, when they retire in 20 years' time	23	25	23	24		22	24	22	24

 

 

Sensitivity

Sensitivities in respect of the key assumptions used to measure the principal pension schemes as at 31 July 2021 are set out below. These sensitivities show the hypothetical impact of a change in each of the listed assumptions in isolation, with the exception of the sensitivity to inflation which incorporates the impact of certain correlating assumptions. In practice, such assumptions rarely change in isolation.

	Profit before tax  for year ended  31 July 2021 £m	Increase/ (decrease) in scheme assets  31 July 2021 £m	(Increase)/ decrease in scheme liabilities  31 July 2021 £m	Profit before tax  for year ended  31 July 2020 £m	Increase/ (decrease) in scheme assets  31 July 2020 £m	(Increase)/ decrease in scheme liabilities  31 July 2020 £m
Rate of mortality - 1 year increase in life expectancy	(2)	99	(209)	(2)	85	(216)
Rate of mortality - 1 year decrease in life expectancy	2	(97)	206	2	(84)	212
Rate of inflation - 0.25% increase	(1)	30	(98)	(1)	26	(107)
Discount rate - 0.25% increase	3	(38)	146	4	(33)	156
Market value of scheme assets - 2.5% increase	1	73	-	1	81	-

The effect on profit before tax reflects the impact of current service cost and net interest cost. The value of the scheme assets is affected by changes in mortality rates, inflation and discounting because they affect the carrying value of the insurance assets.

Asset valuation

The pension schemes hold assets in a variety of pooled funds, in which the underlying assets typically are invested in credit and cash assets. These funds are valued. The price of the funds is set by administrators/custodians employed by the investment managers and based on the value of the underlying assets held in the funds. Details of pricing methodology are set out within internal control reports provided for each fund. Prices are updated daily, weekly or monthly depending upon the frequency of the fund's dealing.

Bonds are valued using observable broker quotes. Gilt repurchase obligations are valued by the relevant manager, which derives the value using an industry recognised model with observable inputs.

Property is valued by specialists applying recognised property valuation methods incorporating current market data on rental yields and transaction prices.

Total return, interest and inflation swaps and forward FX contracts are bilateral agreements between counterparties and do not have observable market prices. These derivative contracts are valued using observable inputs.

Insured liabilities comprise annuity policies broadly matching the scheme obligation to identified groups of pensioners. These assets are valued by an external qualified actuary at the actuarial valuation of the corresponding liability, reflecting this matching relationship. The insurance policies are treated as qualifying insurance policies as none of the insurers are related parties of Smiths Group, and the proceeds of the policies can only be used to pay or fund employee benefits for the respective schemes, are not available to Smiths Group's creditors and cannot be paid to Smiths Group.

 

Retirement benefit plan assets

	31 July 2021 - £m					31 July 2020 - £m
	UK schemes	US schemes	Other countries	Total		UK schemes	US schemes	Other countries	Total
Cash and cash equivalents	71	1	-	72		106	1	1	108
Pooled funds:
- Pooled equity	-	-	3	3		38	-	2	40
- Pooled Diversified Growth	-	-	19	19		48	-	-	48
- Pooled credit	420	-	-	420		607	-	-	607
Corporate bonds	791	192	-	983		797	212	-	1,009
Government bonds/LDI	1,298	79	3	1,380		1,257	98	3	1,358
Insured liabilities	1,462	-	-	1,462		1,300	-	1	1,301
Property	62	-	-	62		78	-	-	78
Other	-	-	5	5		9	-	24	33
Total market value	4,104	272	30	4,406		4,240	311	31	4,582

The assets are unquoted. Government bonds/LDI portfolios contain £1,929m (FY2020: £2,343m) of UK Government bonds (Gilts), £626m (FY2020: £1,063m) of Gilt repurchase obligations and £5m (FY2020: £23m) of interest and inflation swap obligations.

The UK bond portfolios include forward FX contracts with a net value of £1m (FY2020: £11m). These are held to hedge against foreign currency risk in respect of overseas bonds.

The scheme assets do not include any property occupied by, or other assets used by, the Group.

Present value of funded scheme liabilities and assets for the main UK and US schemes

	31 July 2021 - £m				31 July 2020 - £m
	SIPS	TIGPS	US schemes			SIPS	TIGPS	US schemes
Present value of funded scheme liabilities:
- Active deferred members	(42)	(29)	(73)			(44)	(61)	(95)
- Deferred members	(810)	(632)	(119)			(961)	(593)	(138)
- Pensioners	(1,226)	(809)	(81)			(1,178)	(866)	(81)
Present value of funded scheme liabilities	(2,078)	(1,470)	(273)			(2,183)	(1,520)	(314)
Market value of scheme assets	2,410	1,684	272			2,466	1,754	311
Surplus/(deficit)	332	214	(1)			283	234	(3)

Net retirement benefit obligations

	31 July 2021 - £m					31 July 2020 - £m
	UK schemes	US schemes	Other countries	Total		UK schemes	US schemes	Other countries	Total
Market value of scheme assets	4,104	272	30	4,406		4,240	311	31	4,582
Present value of funded scheme liabilities	(3,558)	(273)	(38)	(3,869)		(3,724)	(314)	(40)	(4,078)
Surplus/(deficit)	546	(1)	(8)	537		516	(3)	(9)	504
Unfunded pension plans	(54)	(7)	(55)	(116)		(55)	(8)	(60)	(123)
Post-retirement healthcare	(4)	(1)	(3)	(8)		(5)	(1)	(3)	(9)
Present value of unfunded obligations	(58)	(8)	(58)	(124)		(60)	(9)	(63)	(132)
Net pension asset/(liability)	488	(9)	(66)	413		456	(12)	(72)	372
Retirement benefit assets	546	-	-	546		516	-	-	516
Retirement benefit liabilities	(58)	(9)	(61)	(128)		(60)	(12)	(67)	(139)
Liabilities held for sale	-	-	(5)	(5)		-	-	(5)	(5)
Net pension asset/(liability)	488	(9)	(66)	413		456	(12)	(72)	372

Liabilities held for sale comprise £4m (FY2020: £4m) of unfunded pension plans and £1m (FY2020: £1m) deficit on defined benefit schemes within the Smiths Medical division.

Where any individual scheme shows a recoverable surplus under IAS 19, this is disclosed on the balance sheet as a retirement benefit asset. The IAS 19 surplus of any one scheme is not available to fund the IAS 19 deficit of another scheme. The retirement benefit asset disclosed arises from the rights of the employers to recover the surplus at the end of the life of the scheme i.e. when the last beneficiary's obligation has been met.

Amounts recognised in the consolidated income statement

	Year ended 31 July 2021 £m	Year ended 31 July 2020 £m
Amounts charged to operating profit
Current service cost	2	3
Past service costs - Guaranteed Minimum Pension (GMP) equalisation	6	-
Settlement gain	-	(8)
Scheme administration costs	5	5
	13	-
The operating cost is charged as follows:
Cost of sales	-	1
Sales and distribution costs	-	-
Headline administrative expenses	7	6
Non-headline settlement gain	-	(7)
Non-headline administrative expenses	6	-
	13	-
Amounts credited to finance costs
Non-headline other finance income - retirement benefits	(6)	(7)

Amounts recognised directly in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income

	Year ended 31 July 2021 £m	Year ended 31 July 2020 £m
Re-measurements of retirement defined benefit assets and liabilities
Difference between interest credit and return on assets	(57)	274
Experience gains on scheme liabilities	44	28
Actuarial gains arising from changes in demographic assumptions	10	22
Actuarial gains/(losses) arising from changes in financial assumptions	16	(305)
	13	19

Changes in present value of funded scheme assets

	31 July 2021 - £m					31 July 2020 - £m
	UK schemes	US schemes	Other countries	Total		UK schemes	US schemes	Other countries	Total
At beginning of period	4,240	311	31	4,582		4,106	282	36	4,424
Interest on assets	58	7	1	66		86	9	1	96
Actuarial movement on scheme assets	(40)	(17)	-	(57)		222	54	(2)	274
Employer contributions	20	4	1	25		24	-	2	26
Scheme administration costs	(4)	(1)	-	(5)		(4)	(1)	-	(5)
Foreign exchange rate movements	-	(17)	-	(17)		-	(21)	(3)	(24)
Benefits paid	(170)	(15)	(3)	(188)		(194)	(12)	(3)	(209)
At end of period	4,104	272	30	4,406		4,240	311	31	4,582

Changes in present value of funded defined benefit obligations

	31 July 2021 - £m					31 July 2020 - £m
	UK schemes	US schemes	Other countries	Total		UK schemes	US schemes	Other countries	Total
At beginning of period	(3,724)	(314)	(40)	(4,078)		(3,637)	(291)	(45)	(3,973)
Current service cost	-	-	(1)	(1)		-	-	(1)	(1)
Past service costs	(6)	-	-	(6)		-	-	-	-
Interest on obligations	(51)	(7)	(2)	(60)		(75)	(10)	(1)	(86)
Actuarial movement on liabilities	53	16	-	69		(206)	(47)	2	(251)
Foreign exchange rate movements	-	17	2	19		-	22	2	24
Benefits paid	170	15	3	188		194	12	3	209
At end of period	(3,558)	(273)	(38)	(3,869)		(3,724)	(314)	(40)	(4,078)

Changes in present value of unfunded defined benefit pensions and post-retirement healthcare plans

	Assets			Obligations
	Year ended 31 July 2021 £m	Year ended 31 July 2020 £m		Year ended 31 July 2021 £m	Year ended 31 July 2020 £m
At beginning of period	-	-		(132)	(140)
Current service cost	-	-		(1)	(2)
Interest on obligations	-	-		(1)	(3)
Actuarial movement	-	-		2	(4)
Employer contributions	5	7		-	-
Foreign exchange rate movements	-	-		3	2
Liabilities extinguished on settlements	-	-		-	8
Benefits paid	(5)	(7)		5	7
At end of period	-	-		(124)	(132)

Cash contributions

Company contributions to the defined benefit pension plans and post-retirement healthcare plans totalled £30m (FY2020: £33m). This comprised regular contributions to funded schemes of £12m (FY2020: £12m) to SIPS, £8m (FY2020: £12m) to TIGPS, £4m (FY2020: £nil) to funded US schemes and contributions to other schemes of £1m (FY2020: £2m). In addition, £5m (FY2020: £7m) was spent on providing benefits under unfunded defined benefit pension and post-retirement healthcare plans.

In FY2022, cash contributions to the Group's schemes are expected to total up to £15m, including £3m to SIPS, with the balance relating to other schemes and post-retirement healthcare.

9 EMPLOYEE SHARE SCHEMES

The Group operates share schemes and plans for the benefit of employees. The nature of the principal schemes and plans, including general conditions, is set out below:

Long-Term Incentive Plan (LTIP)

The LTIP is a share plan under which an award over a capped number of shares will vest after the end of a three-year performance period if performance conditions are met. LTIP awards are made to selected senior executives, including the Executive Directors.

LTIP performance conditions

Each performance condition has a threshold below which no shares vest and a maximum performance target at or above which the award vests in full. For performance between 'threshold' and 'maximum', awards vest on a straight-line sliding scale. The performance conditions are assessed separately; so performance on one condition does not affect the vesting of the other elements of the award. To the extent that the performance targets are not met over the three-year performance period, awards lapse. There is no re-testing of the performance conditions.

LTIP awards have performance conditions relating to underlying revenue growth, growth in headline EPS, ROCE, cash conversion, and free cash-flow.

Smiths Excellence Plan (SEP)

The last Smiths Excellence plan (SEP) grant was issued in October 2019 and vested on 31 July 2021, no further SEP awards have been made. The SEP was designed to reinforce value creation over the medium term by focusing on specific objectives in key areas of operational performance. Awards vested after two years, depending on performance on the operational objectives during the first year and continued employment with the Group. There was no re-testing of performance. However, the Remuneration Committee had discretion to adjust vesting rates if material misstatements in reported performance were subsequently identified and awards were subject to clawback provisions in the event of misconduct.

Directors were not eligible to participate in the SEP.

Restricted stock

Restricted stock is used by the Remuneration Committee, as a part of recruitment strategy, to make awards in recognition of incentive arrangements forfeited on leaving a previous employer. If an award is considered appropriate, the award will take account of relevant factors including the fair value of awards forfeited, any performance conditions attached, the likelihood of those conditions being met and the proportion of the vesting period remaining.

Save as you earn (SAYE)

The SAYE scheme is an HM Revenue & Customs approved all employee savings related share option scheme which is open to all UK employees. Participants enter into a contract to save a fixed amount per month of up to £500 in aggregate for three or five years and are granted an option over shares at a fixed option price, set at a discount to market price at the date of invitation to participate. The number of shares is determined by the monthly amount saved and the bonus paid on maturity of the savings contract. Options granted under the SAYE scheme are not subject to any performance conditions.

		Long-term  incentive  plans	SEP	Restricted stock	Save as you earn scheme	Total	Weighted average exercise price £
Ordinary shares under option/award ('000)
31 July 2019		3,892	1,287	192	1,012	6,383	£1.77
Granted		1,379	924	48	695	3,046	£2.08
Exercised		(785)	(406)	(95)	(254)	(1,540)	£1.48
Lapsed		(549)	(510)	(14)	(246)	(1,319)	£2.22
31 July 2020		3,937	1,295	131	1,207	6,570	£1.89
Granted		2,143	358	11	139	2,651	£0.68
Exercised		(346)	(411)	(60)	(165)	(982)	£2.03
Lapsed		(819)	(391)	(18)	(96)	(1,324)	£0.75
31 July 2021		4,915	851	64	1,085	6,915	£1.63

Options and awards were exercised on an irregular basis during the period. The average closing share price over the financial year was 1,508.63p (FY2020: 1,490.92p). There has been no change to the effective option price of any of the outstanding options during the period.  The number of exercisable share options at 31 July 2021 was nil (31 July 2020: nil).

Range of exercise prices	Total shares under options/awards at 31 July 2021 ('000)	Weighted average remaining contractual life at 31 July 2021 (months)	Total shares under options/awards at 31 July 2020 ('000)	Weighted average remaining contractual life at 31 July 2020 (months)
£0.00 - £2.00	5,830	15	5,363	14
£6.01 - £10.00	655	30	744	40
£10.01 - £12.00	430	24	463	22

 

For the purposes of valuing options to arrive at the share-based payment charge, the binomial option pricing model has been used. The key assumptions used in the model were volatility of 25% to 20% (FY2020: 25% to 20%) and dividend yield of 2.8% (FY2020: 2.8%), based on historical data, for the period corresponding with the vesting period of the option. These generated a weighted average fair value for SEP of £14.73 (FY2020: £14.39), LTIP of £14.10 (FY2020: £14.60), and restricted stock of £14.63 (FY2020: £14.04). Staff costs included £14m (FY2020: £11m) for share-based payments, of which £13m (FY2020: £10m) related to equity-settled share-based payments.

 

10 INTANGIBLE ASSETS

	Goodwill £m	Development costs £m	Acquired intangibles (see table  below) £m	Software,  patents and intellectual property £m	Total £m
Cost
At 31 July 2019	1,312	144	565	171	2,192
Foreign exchange rate movements	(69)	(5)	(34)	(6)	(114)
Business combinations (note 27)	11	-	15	-	26
Additions	-	16	-	10	26
Disposals	-	-	-	(1)	(1)
At 31 July 2020	1,254	155	546	174	2,129
Foreign exchange rate movements	(68)	(7)	(30)	(6)	(111)
Business combinations (note 27)	21	-	46	-	67
Additions	-	8	-	10	18
Disposals	-	-	-	(1)	(1)
At 31 July 2021	1,207	156	562	177	2,102
Amortisation and impairments
At 31 July 2019	66	99	205	138	508
Foreign exchange rate movements	(4)	(5)	(13)	(2)	(24)
Amortisation charge for the year	-	6	57	7	70
Impairment charge for the year	-	12	-	-	12
Disposals	-	-	-	(1)	(1)
At 31 July 2020	62	112	249	142	565
Foreign exchange rate movements	(3)	(5)	(15)	(4)	(27)
Amortisation charge for the year	-	7	53	7	67
Disposals	-	-	-	(1)	(1)
At 31 July 2021	59	114	287	144	604
Net book value at 31 July 2021	1,148	42	275	33	1,498
Net book value at 31 July 2020	1,192	43	297	32	1,564
Net book value at 31 July 2019	1,246	45	360	33	1,684

 

 

In addition to goodwill, acquired intangible assets comprise:

	Patents, licences and trademarks £m	Technology £m	Customer relationships £m	Total acquired intangibles £m
Cost
At 31 July 2019	15	140	410	565
Foreign exchange rate movements	(1)	(9)	(24)	(34)
Business combinations (note 27)	1	8	6	15
At 31 July 2020	15	139	392	546
Foreign exchange rate movements	(1)	(7)	(22)	(30)
Business combinations (note 27)	3	2	41	46
At 31 July 2021	17	134	411	562
Amortisation
At 31 July 2019	3	53	149	205
Foreign exchange rate movements	-	(4)	(9)	(13)
Charge for the year	1	11	45	57
At 31 July 2020	4	60	185	249
Foreign exchange rate movements	-	(3)	(12)	(15)
Charge for the year	1	10	42	53
At 31 July 2021	5	67	215	287
Net book value at 31 July 2021	12	67	196	275
Net book value at 31 July 2020	11	79	207	297
Net book value at 31 July 2019	12	87	261	360

Individually material intangible assets comprise £76m of customer related intangibles attributable to United Flexible (remaining amortisation period: 5 years), £66m of customer relationship intangibles attributable to Morpho Detection (remaining amortisation period: 7 years), £37m of customer related intangibles attributable to Royal Metal (remaining amortisation period: 7 years), and £14m of development cost intangibles attributable to a computed tomography programme in Detection that is currently under development.

The charge associated with the amortisation of intangible assets is included in operating costs on the consolidated income statement.

11 IMPAIRMENT TESTING

Goodwill

Goodwill is tested for impairment at least annually or whenever there is an indication that the carrying value may not be recoverable.

Further details of the impairment review process and judgements are included in the "Significant judgements made in applying accounting policies" section of the "Basis of preparation" for the consolidated financial statements.

For the purpose of impairment testing, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash-flows, known as cash generating units (CGUs), taking into consideration the commonality of reporting, policies, leadership and intra-divisional trading relationships. Goodwill acquired through business combinations is allocated to groups of CGUs at a divisional (or operating segment) level, being the lowest level at which management monitors performance separately.

 

The carrying value of goodwill at 31 July is allocated by division as follows:

	2021 £m	2021 Number of CGUs	2020 £m	2020 Number of CGUs
John Crane	129	1	136	1
Smiths Detection	610	1	642	1
Flex-Tek	169	1	161	1
Smiths Interconnect	240	1	253	1
Smiths Medical - classified as an asset held for sale (see note 28)	-	1	-	1
	1,148	5	1,192	5

Principal assumptions used in impairment testing

The recoverable amount for impairment testing is determined from the higher of fair value less costs of disposal and value in use of the CGU. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a post-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money, from which pre-tax discount rates are determined.

Fair value less costs of disposal is calculated using available information on past and expected future profitability, valuation multiples for comparable quoted companies and similar transactions (adjusted as required for significant differences) and information on costs of similar transactions. Fair value less costs to sell models are used when trading projections in the strategic plan cannot be adjusted to eliminate the impact of a major restructuring.

The value in use of CGUs is calculated as the net present value of the projected risk-adjusted cash-flows of each CGU. These cash-flow forecasts are based on the FY2022 business plan (as approved by the Board) and the five year detailed divisional strategic projections which have been prepared by divisional management and approved by the Chief Financial Officer.

The key assumptions used in determining the value in use were:

Sales: Projected sales were built up with reference to markets and product categories. They incorporated past performance, historical growth rates and projections of developments in key markets;

Margins: Projected margins reflect historical performance and the impact of all completed projects to improve operational efficiency and leverage scale. The projections did not include the impact of future restructuring projects to which the Group was not yet committed;

Projected capital expenditure: The cash-flow forecasts for capital expenditure were based on past experience and included committed ongoing capital expenditure consistent with the FY2022 budget and the divisional strategic projections. The forecast did not include any future capital expenditure that improved/enhanced the operation/asset in excess of its current standard of performance;

Discount rate: The discount rates have been calculated based on the Group's weighted average cost of capital and risks specific to the CGU being tested. In determining the risk adjusted discount rate, management considered the systematic risk to each of the Group's CGUs and applied an average of discount rates used by other companies for the industries in which Smiths' divisions operate. Pre-tax rates of 9.9% to 13.2% (FY2020: 9.4% to 12.3%) have been used for the impairment testing;

Long-term growth rates: For the purposes of the Group's value in use calculations, a long-term growth rate into perpetuity was applied immediately at the end of the five year forecast period. Growth rates for the period after the detailed forecasts were based on the long-term GDP projections of the primary market for each CGU. The average growth rate used in the testing was 2.1% (FY2020: 1.9%). These rates did not reflect the long-term assumptions used by the Group for investment planning; and

COVID-19: The COVID-19 pandemic has evolved during FY2021, with some countries continuing to require businesses to limit or suspend operations whilst implementing travel restrictions and quarantine measures. These virus containment measures have had a significant adverse impact on global economic activity. It remains challenging to predict the full extent and duration of the pandemic impact on Smiths' businesses and the countries where Smiths operates. Based on information available as at 31 July 2021, management has made adjustments to the five year forecasts used in the Group's impairment testing in order to reflect the estimated impact.

 

The assumptions used in the impairment testing of CGUs with significant goodwill balances were as follows:

		Year ended 31 July 2021
		John Crane		Smiths Detection		Flex-Tek		Smiths Interconnect		Smiths Medical
Net book value of goodwill (£m)		129		610		169		240		535
Basis of valuation		Value in use		Value in use		Value in use		Value in use		Value in use
Discount rate	- pre-tax	13.2%		10.3%		11.4%		11.1%		9.9%
	- post-tax	9.5%		8.2%		9.1%		9.0%		8.0%
Period covered by management projections		5 years		5 years		5 years		5 years		5 years
Revenue - average annual growth rate over projection period		6.4%		2.8%		5.0%		5.9%		5.9%
Average earnings before interest and tax margin		25.4%		13.4%		20.0%		19.0%		18.8%
Long-term growth rates		2.1%		1.8%		1.9%		2.4%		2.2%

 

		Year ended 31 July 2020
		John Crane		Smiths Detection		Flex-Tek		Smiths Interconnect		Smiths Medical
Net book value of goodwill (£m)		136		642		161		253		563
Basis of valuation		Value in use		Value in use		Value in use		Value in use		Value in use
Discount rate	- pre-tax	12.3%		10.8%		11.3%		10.7%		9.4%
	- post-tax	9.3%		8.0%		8.7%		8.5%		7.5%
Period covered by management projections		5 years		5 years		5 years		5 years		5 years
Revenue - average annual growth rate over projection period		4.3%		2.1%		3.2%		4.2%		2.0%
Average earnings before interest and tax margin		24.1%		13.5%		17.5%		17.0%		18.1%
Long-term growth rates		2.0%		1.7%		1.8%		2.1%		2.0%

Forecast earnings before interest and tax have been projected using:

expected future sales based on the strategic plan, which was constructed at a market level with input from key account managers, product line managers, business development and sales teams. An assessment of the market and existing contracts/programmes was made to produce the sales forecast; and current cost structure and production capacity. The projections did not include the impact of future restructuring projects to which the Group was not yet committed.

Sensitivity analysis

With the exception of the Smiths Detection CGU, the recoverable amount of all CGUs exceeded their carrying value, on the basis of the assumptions set out in the table above and any reasonably possible changes thereof.

The estimated recoverable amount of the Smiths Detection CGU exceeded the carrying value by £334m. Any decline in estimated value-in-use in excess of this amount would result in the recognition of impairment charges. If the assumptions used in the impairment review were changed to a greater extent than as presented in the following table, the changes would, in isolation, lead to impairment losses being recognised for the year ended 31 July 2021:

Change required for carrying value to equal recoverable amount - FY2021				Smiths Detection
Revenue - compound annual growth rate (CAGR) over 5 year projection period				-560 bps decrease
Post-tax discount rate				+220 bps increase

 

Change required for carrying value to equal recoverable amount - FY2020		Smiths Interconnect		Smiths Detection
Forecast earnings before interest and tax		-3,800 bps decrease		-1,500 bps decrease
Post-tax discount rate		+400 bps increase		+110 bps increase
Long-term growth rate		-740 bps decrease		-180 bps decrease

 

 

Property, plant and equipment, right of use assets and finite-life intangible assets

At each reporting period date, the Group reviews the carrying amounts of its property, plant, equipment, right of use assets and finite-life intangible assets to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss.

The Group has no indefinite life intangible assets other than goodwill. During the year, impairment tests were carried out for capitalised development costs that have not yet started to be amortised and acquired intangibles where there were indications of impairment. Value in use calculations were used to determine the recoverable values of these assets.

In FY2021 Smiths Medical conducted detailed impairment assessments on its capitalised development costs and related assets. This impairment assessment identified a non-cash impairment charge of £61 million that has been recognised as a non-headline item in discontinued operations.  The most significant element related to the Intellifuse Large Volume Pump (LVP); a summary of the basis for and conclusion of this assessment has been included in note 28 'Discontinued operations and businesses held for sale'.

No impairment charges have been recognised in FY2021 for continuing operations. In the prior year £12m of impairment charges were recognised against capitalised development costs in Smiths Detection; see note 2 for further details.

12 PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

	Land and buildings £m	Plant and machinery £m	Fixtures, fittings, tools and equipment £m	Total £m
Cost or valuation
At 31 July 2019	186	396	138	720
Foreign exchange rate movements	(10)	(25)	(5)	(40)
Business combinations (see note 27)	-	2	-	2
Additions	5	27	8	40
Disposals	(6)	(17)	(8)	(31)
At 31 July 2020	175	383	133	691
Foreign exchange rate movements	(6)	(21)	(6)	(33)
Business combinations (note 27)	-	2	-	2
Additions	6	38	-	44
Disposals	(3)	(14)	(5)	(22)
At 31 July 2021	172	388	122	682
Depreciation
At 31 July 2019	104	271	113	488
Foreign exchange rate movements	(6)	(17)	(4)	(27)
Charge for the year	10	23	8	41
Disposals	(6)	(16)	(7)	(29)
At 31 July 2020	102	261	110	473
Foreign exchange rate movements	(3)	(15)	(6)	(24)
Charge for the year	10	26	4	40
Disposals	(3)	(12)	(4)	(19)
At 31 July 2021	106	260	104	470
Net book value at 31 July 2021	66	128	18	212
Net book value at 31 July 2020	73	122	23	218
Net book value at 31 July 2019	82	125	25	232

1. 

 

13 RIGHT OF USE ASSETS

	Properties £m	Vehicles £m	Equipment £m	Total £m
Cost or valuation
Right of use assets on transition on 1 August 2019	95	10	1	106
Foreign exchange rate movements	(6)	(1)	-	(7)
Business combinations (note 27)	1	-	-	1
Recognition of right of use asset	21	5	-	26
Derecognition of right of use asset	(1)	-	-	(1)
At 31 July 2020	110	14	1	125
Foreign exchange rate movements	(5)	(1)	-	(6)
Business combinations (note 27)	9	1	-	10
Recognition of right of use asset	44	3	-	47
Derecognition of right of use asset	(12)	-	-	(12)
At 31 July 2021	146	17	1	164
Depreciation
Foreign exchange rate movements	(2)	-	-	(2)
Charge for the year	28	5	-	33
At 31 July 2020	26	5	-	31
Foreign exchange rate movements	(2)	-	-	(2)
Charge for the year	27	5	-	32
Derecognition of right of use asset	(5)	-	-	(5)
At 31 July 2021	46	10	-	56
Net book value at 31 July 2021	100	7	1	108
Net book value at 31 July 2020	84	9	1	94

14 INVENTORIES

	31 July 2021 £m	31 July 2020 £m
Raw materials and consumables	117	122
Work in progress	81	119
Finished goods	183	205
Total inventories	381	446

In FY2021 continuing operations consumed £1,233m (FY2020: £1,244m) of inventory, £8m (FY2020: £20m) was charged for the write-down of inventory and £4m (FY2020: £9m) was released from provisions no longer required.

Discontinued operations consumed £218m (FY2020: £299m) of inventory, £4m (FY2020: £4m) was charged for the write-down of inventory and £1m (FY2020: £nil) was released from provisions no longer required. Further details of discontinued operations are disclosed in note 28.

Inventory provisioning

	31 July 2021 £m	31 July 2020 £m
Gross inventory carried at full value	324	368
Gross value of inventory partly or fully provided for	104	132
	428	500
Inventory provision	(47)	(54)
Inventory after provisions	381	446

15 TRADE AND OTHER RECEIVABLES

	31 July 2021 £m	31 July 2020 £m
Non-current
Contract assets	49	46
Other receivables	10	6
	59	52
Current
Trade receivables	431	448
Prepayments	26	23
Contract assets	131	123
Other receivables	42	33
	630	627

Trade receivables do not carry interest. Management considers that the carrying value of trade and other receivables approximates to the fair value. Trade and other receivables, including prepayments, accrued income and other receivables qualifying as financial instruments are accounted for at amortised cost. The maximum credit exposure arising from these financial assets was £629m (FY2020: £580m).

Contract assets comprise unbilled balances not yet due on contracts, where revenue recognition does not align with the agreed payment schedule. The main movements in the year arose from increases in contract asset balances of £18m (FY2020: £6m) principally within Smiths Detection, offset by £6m of foreign currency translation losses (FY2020: £7m loss).

A number of Flex-Tek's customers provide supplier finance schemes which allow their suppliers to sell trade receivables, without recourse, to banks. This is commonly known as invoice discounting or factoring. During FY2021 Flex-Tek collected £81m of receivables through these schemes (FY2020: £68m).  The impact of invoice discounting on the FY2021 balance sheet was that trade receivables were reduced by £14m (2020: £11m).  The cash received via these schemes was classified as an operating cash inflow as it had arisen from operating activities.

Trade receivables are disclosed net of provisions for expected credit loss, with historical write-offs used as a basis and a default risk multiplier applied to reflect country risk premium. Credit risk is managed separately for each customer and, where appropriate, a credit limit is set for the customer based on previous experience of the customer and third party credit ratings. The Group has no significant concentration of credit risk, with exposure spread over a large number of customers. The largest single customer was the US Federal Government, representing 7% (FY2020: 7%) of Group revenue.

Ageing of trade receivables

	31 July 2021 £m	31 July 2020 £m
Trade receivables which are not yet due	338	342
Trade receivables which are between 1-30 days overdue	45	51
Trade receivables which are between 31-60 days overdue	15	18
Trade receivables which are between 61-90 days overdue	8	9
Trade receivables which are between 91-120 days overdue	5	12
Trade receivables which are more than 120 days overdue	52	51
	463	483
Expected credit loss allowance provision	(32)	(35)
Trade receivables	431	448

Movement in expected credit loss allowance

	31 July 2021 £m	31 July 2020 £m
Brought forward loss allowance at the start of the period	35	24
Exchange adjustments	(2)	(2)
Increase in allowance recognised in the income statement	6	18
Amounts written off or recovered during the year	(7)	(5)
Carried forward loss allowance at the end of the year	32	35

16 TRADE AND OTHER PAYABLES

	31 July 2021 £m	31 July 2020 £m
Non-current
Other payables	13	15
Contract liabilities	46	36
	59	51
Current
Trade payables	188	178
Other payables	39	12
Other taxation and social security costs	28	25
Accruals	188	194
Contract liabilities	87	118
	530	527

Trade and other payables, including accrued expenses and other payables qualifying as financial instruments, are accounted for at amortised cost and are categorised as Trade and other financial payables in note 21.

Contract liabilities comprise deferred income balances of £133m (FY2020: £154m) in respect of payments being made in advance of revenue recognition. The movement in the year arises primarily from the long term contracts of the Smiths Detection division where invoicing under milestones precedes the delivery of the programme performance obligations. Revenue recognised in the year includes £94m (FY2020: £126m) that was included in the opening contract liabilities balance. This revenue primarily relates to the delivery of performance obligations in the Smiths Detection business.

17 FINANCIAL ASSETS - OTHER INVESTMENTS

At 31 July 2021, £4m (FY2020: £11m) was held on deposit with banks as security for liabilities or letters of credit.

The remaining balance of financial assets relates to the Group's investments in early stage businesses that are developing or commercialising related technology.

18 BORROWINGS AND NET DEBT

This note sets out the calculation of net debt, an important measure in explaining our financing position. Net debt includes accrued interest and fair value adjustments relating to hedge accounting.

	31 July 2021 £m	31 July 2020 £m
Cash and cash equivalents
Net cash and deposits	405	366
Short-term borrowings
Lease liabilities	(27)	(31)
Interest accrual	(9)	(10)
	(36)	(41)
Long-term borrowings
$400m 3.625% US$ Guaranteed notes 2022	(289)	(308)
€600m 1.25% Eurobond 2023	(516)	(546)
€650m 2.00% Eurobond 2027	(567)	(601)
Lease liabilities	(94)	(65)
	(1,466)	(1,520)
Borrowings	(1,502)	(1,561)
Derivatives managing interest rate risk and currency profile of the debt	75	82
Net debt (excludes net cash of £4m in discontinued operations (FY2020: net debt of £28m))	(1,022)	(1,113)

Net debt including net cash/debt held in discontinued operations was £1,018m (FY2020: £1,141m).

Cash and cash equivalents

	31 July 2021 £m	31 July 2020 £m
Cash at bank and in hand	219	173
Short-term deposits	186	193
Cash and cash equivalents	405	366

Cash and cash equivalents include highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less. Borrowings are accounted for at amortised cost and are categorised as other financial liabilities. See note 18 for a maturity analysis of borrowings. Interest of £30m (FY2020: £31m) was charged to the consolidated income statement in the period in respect of public bonds.

Movements in assets/(liabilities) arising from financing activities

	Changes in net debt						Changes in other financing items: FX contracts £m
	Cash and cash equivalents £m	Other short-term borrowings £m	Long-term borrowings £m	Interest rate & cross-currency swaps £m	Net debt £m				Total liabilities from financing activities £m
At 31 July 2019	289	(9)	(1,500)	45	(1,175)		(1)		(1,176)
Adoption of IFRS 16	-	(26)	(79)	-	(105)		-		(105)
Sub-total	289	(35)	(1,579)	45	(1,280)		(1)		(1,281)
Foreign exchange gains/(losses)	(26)	1	40	-	15		(3,780)		(3,765)
Net cash inflow from continuing operations *	103	-	-	-	103		3,780		3,883
Lease liabilities acquired	-	-	(1)	-	(1)		-		(1)
Net movement from lease modifications	-	(6)	(20)	-	(26)		-		(26)
Fair value movement from interest rate hedging	-	-	10	-	10		-		10
Revaluation of derivative contracts	-	-	-	37	37		(1)		36
Interest expense taken to income statement**	-	(4)	(30)	(13)	(47)		-		(47)
Interest paid	-	-	29	13	42		-		42
Payment of lease liabilities	-	34	-	-	34		-		34
Reclassification to short-term borrowings	-	(31)	31	-	-		-		-
At 31 July 2020	366	(41)	(1,520)	82	(1,113)		(2)		(1,115)
Foreign exchange gains/(losses)	(24)	2	79	-	57		(3,200)		(3,143)
Net cash inflow from continuing operations *	63	33	-	-	96		3,200		3,296
Lease liabilities acquired	-	(1)	(10)	-	(11)		-		(11)
Net movement from lease modifications	-	(46)	-	-	(46)		-		(46)
Fair value movement from interest rate hedging	-	-	8	-	8		-		8
Revaluation of derivative contracts	-	-	-	(7)	(7)		3		(4)
Interest expense taken to income statement**	-	(4)	(31)	-	(35)		-		(35)
Interest paid	-	-	29	-	29		-		29
Reclassification to short-term borrowings	-	21	(21)	-	-		-		-
At 31 July 2021	405	(36)	(1,466)	75	(1,022)		1		(1,021)

*     The £63m (FY2020: £103m) of net cash inflow from continuing operations excluded £28m (FY2020: £6m outflow) of net cash inflow from discontinued operations. Net cash inflow for the total Group including discontinued operations was £91m (FY2020: £97m).

**   The Group has also incurred £9m (FY2020: £8m) of bank charges that were expensed when paid and were not included in net debt.

Cash pooling

Cash and overdraft balances in interest compensation cash pooling systems are reported gross on the balance sheet. The cash pooling agreements incorporate a legally enforceable right of net settlement. However, as there is no intention to settle the balances net, these arrangements do not qualify for net presentation. At 31 July 2021 the total value of overdrafts on accounts in interest compensation cash pooling systems was £nil (FY2020: £nil). The balances held in zero balancing cash pooling arrangements have daily settlement of balances. Therefore netting is not relevant.

Secured loans

Loans amounting to £nil (FY2020: £nil) were secured on plant and equipment with a book value of £nil (FY2020: nil).

Change of control

The Company has in place credit facility agreements under which a change in control would trigger prepayment clauses. The Company also has bonds in issue, the terms of which would allow bondholders to exercise put options and require the Company to buy back the bonds at their principal amount plus interest if a rating downgrade occurs at the same time as a change of control takes effect.

Lease liabilities

Lease liabilities have been measured at the present value of the remaining lease payments.  The weighted average incremental borrowing rate applied to lease liabilities in FY2021 was 3.3% (FY2020: 4.0%).

19 FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT

The Group's international operations and debt financing expose it to financial risks which include the effects of changes in foreign exchange rates, debt market prices, interest rates, credit risks and liquidity risks. The management of operational credit risk is discussed in note 15.

Treasury Risk Management Policy

The Board maintains a Treasury Risk Management Policy, which governs the treasury operations of the Group and its subsidiary companies and the consolidated financial risk profile to be maintained. A report on treasury activities, financial metrics and compliance with the Policy is circulated to the Chief Financial Officer each month and key elements to the Audit and Risk Committee on a semi-annual basis.

The Policy maintains a treasury control framework within which counterparty risk, financing and debt strategy, cash and liquidity, interest rate risk and currency translation management are reserved for Group Treasury, while currency transaction management is devolved to operating divisions.

Centrally directed cash management systems exist globally to manage overall liquid resources efficiently across the divisions. The Group uses financial instruments to raise financing for its global operations, to manage related interest rate and currency financial risk, and to hedge transaction risk within subsidiary companies.

The Group does not speculate in financial instruments. All financial instruments hedge existing business exposures and all are recognised on the balance sheet.

The Policy defines four treasury risk components and for each component a s